The Journal of infectious diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Children and Adults in Dengue-Endemic Regions: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study.
A safe, effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global health priority. The safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated, recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TDV) were evaluated in healthy volunteers from dengue-endemic countries. ⋯ TDV was well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers aged 1.5-45 years, irrespective of prevaccination dengue exposure.
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Multicenter Study
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Differed by Vaccine Type During 2013-2014 in the United States.
The predominant strain during the 2013-2014 influenza season was 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09). This vaccine-component has remained unchanged from 2009. ⋯ During 2013-2014, IIV was significantly effective against A(H1N1)pdm09. Lack of LAIV4 effectiveness in children highlights the importance of continued annual monitoring of effectiveness of influenza vaccines in the United States.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Estimation of the Antirelapse Efficacy of Tafenoquine, Using Plasmodium vivax Genotyping.
Prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax infection is a key treatment goal in malaria. Use of P. vivax genotyping in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b study in Peru, India, Thailand, and Brazil allowed determination of genetically heterologous or homologous P. vivax infection recurrence following receipt of chloroquine plus one of 4 doses of tafenoquine (50, 100, 300, or 600 mg) or chloroquine plus primaquine, compared with receipt of chloroquine alone. The antihypnozoite efficacy of tafenoquine was evident as a reduction in homologous recurrences of P. vivax infection as drug doses were increased. No clear dose-response pattern was evident for heterologous recurrences of P. vivax infection. Rates of homologous recurrence of P. vivax infection appear to be clinically useful for comparing drug efficacy for the prevention of P. vivax infection relapse. ⋯ NCT01376167.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit candidate vaccine in HIV-infected adults: a phase 1/2a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Because concerns exist about the use of live-attenuated vaccines in immunocompromised individuals, a subunit vaccine may be an appropriate alternative. ⋯ NCT01165203.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 gene polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to complicated skin and skin structure infections.
Complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) are characterized by infections with gram-positive or gram-negative aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, as well as by a polymicrobial etiology. These invading microorganisms are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. This study assessed whether genetic variation in genes encoding PRRs influences the susceptibility to cSSSIs. ⋯ Polymorphisms in TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 are associated with increased susceptibility to cSSSIs. For TLR1, impaired proinflammatory cytokine production due to the polymorphism is most likely the mechanism mediating this effect.