Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Design of medical facilities for the saving of persons exposed to low temperatures].
The paper describes medical facilities for saving victims of general cooling. Physiological ways of recovery of the thermal status of individuals exposed to general cooling are substantiated. A physiological rationale is presented for the design of engineering aids to prevent overcooling in persons who do their work in cold. The specifications of electric heating cloth used in the design of these medical rescue facilities are characterized.
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The paper presents the data of clinical and hygienic studies of railway cashiers' health. The main deleterious factors of their working conditions are poor microclimatic conditions, bacterial inoculation of the working area air, a forced working posture, and a high vocal load under mental stress. There is a significant prevalence of nervous, obstetric, gynecological, thyroid, and vocal diseases and oral dysbacteriosis among the workers of this professional group. There is evidence for the necessity of including the job of a railway cashier into the List of decreed contingents for periodical medical examinations.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Development of pre-neurotic disorders in senior school students: hygienic aspects].
The prevalence of preneurotic abnormalies was studied in senior schoolboys from 4 Bryansk regional areas with different levels of radiation contamination. The study is aimed at elucidating the correlation between the rate of development of preneurotic abnormalities and the level of radiation load in the environment. ⋯ There has been no significant relationship of studied psychological parameters to the radiation contamination of an area where the pupils live; however, there is a tendency for deviation from the optimum level of anxiety in senior schoolchildren who reside in radioactively polluted area. While implementing a package of preventive measures, it is necessary to pay a particular attention to the psychological atmosphere in the family of pupils and to the pattern of their learning load.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[Acute intestinal infections in children in areas with industrial environmental air pollution].
Acute intestinal infections were clinically and epidemiologically studied in children residing in the towns with different quantitative and qualitative composition of ambient air pollutants and in the districts of a town, which differ in the level of technogenic ambient air pollution. Six hundred and eighty patients with different types of shigellosis and 421 patients with salmonellosis admitted to the infection hospitals of the towns of Angarsk (an intensively polluted locality) and Irkutsk (a better ecological area) were examined in 1995 to 2000. The technogenic ambient air pollution was found to exert a noticeable impact on the incidence with S. sonnei dysentery. In poor environmental areas, all the infections under study are characterized by a great burden, duration, more severe clinical symptoms, and poor laboratory changes in the presence of a decreased responsiveness.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2003
[The impact of environmental air pollution and incidence of acute respiratory viral infections].
The paper characterizes diffuse ambient air pollution (P index) in accordance with the data of Kazan stationary stations in 1996-2000. The incidence of childhood respiratory diseases is studied for the same period. ⋯ There is a direct significance correlation between Kazan's ambient air pollution and morbidity rates in children aged 0-14 years, which is as follows rxy +/- m = 0.626 +/- 0.104. The regression coefficient has been established, which is Ry/x = 0.183 when the atmospheric contamination is changed by one unit.