Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Assessment of the significance of climatogeographic conditions as health risk factors].
Under the conditions of hot and mountain-continental climate, the morbidity rates in the inhabitants were estimated to be significantly lower than those in young men who had not been acclimatized or adapted to living conditions and in non-acclimatized men. A role of individual physical environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, average and maximum air speed) and integral exposure by the wind chill index (a combined impact of an air speed and ambient temperature) as risk factors to human health was defined, The mountain-continental climate showed a relationship of the influence of these factors to habitation at different altitudes above sea level.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Causes of death in the Sverdlovsk region's population suffered from emergency radiation situations at the Mayak production association].
Mortality rates were found to increase in three districts of the region (Kamensky, Bogdanovichsky, and Kamyshlovsky ones) after radiation accidents. The highest rate was characteristic of the Kamensky District. ⋯ In these study areas, the change in death rate was most evident for causes, such as circulatory diseases, malignancies, and infectious diseases. An increase in the rates of mortality from perinatal abnormalities and congenital defects was observed in children.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Health status assessment of the population living in vicinity of carrier rocket fall areas].
One hundred and eighteen subjects living at various distances from the carrier rocket fall places underwent cytomorphological studies of the upper airways (rhinocytogram) and buccal epithelium. The findings indicate that the dwellers of the settlements of Ulytausky District have chronic hypertrophic rhinitis since the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium are the first and most important biological barrier on the way of adverse and technogenic factors to come into the organism. Technogenic pollutants have cumulative activities, causing granulated mast cells to accumulate; then they actively secrete biologically active substances, by impairing the epithelial responsiveness in both the upper airways and the buccal epithelium.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Reduction of a risk of the deleterious effects of persistent toxic substances on the health of the far north population].
The paper presents the general principles and procedure of the development and implementation of measures to decrease and prevent environmental pollution with persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the Russian Arctic and, accordingly, to reduce a risk of the deleterious effects of PTS on human health. Based on the results of a study of PTS in the Russian Arctic (from the Kola Peninsula to Chukotka), the authors first systematized the basic lines and actions and formulated specific measures to reduce the North population's exposure to PTSs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organic chlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, etc.), and heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium). A package of measures is aimed at maximally reducing the presence of PTS-containing objects and materials in the north (via detection, collection, and extermination), at neutralizing the soils in settlement lands, at setting up safe water consumption systems, at organizing effective control over the safe use of chemicals and the levels of PTS in raw food materials and foodstuffs, and at working out recommendations on safe procedures for food purchase, storage, and cooking.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Review[Strategic approaches to risk management to reduce human vulnerability due to water factor changes].
The current globalization tendencies give rise to serious human health risks associated with the problems in providing the safety of water resources, with their intense microbiological contamination due to sewage disposal, with the loss of capacity of water ecosystems for self-repair. To guarantee access to safe drinking water and basic sanitary services is considered to be one of the most priority tasks of the international community, which are embodied in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development approved by the United Nations Organization.