Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2009
Review[Hygienic characteristics of children's educational establishments].
The improved procedure for an integrated assessment of the state-of-the-art of preschool educational establishments was appraised. This procedure provides the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of each factor, the degree of its incompliance to the hygienic standards, reveals risk factors, and allows one to take operative decisions to manage a risk, which are aimed at promoting the health status in infants, and expands a sociohygienic monitoring methodology, by increasing the number of accountable objects of the vital activity medium.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2009
Review[Hygienic education in pupils from general educational establishments].
The high prevalence of the major behavioral factors of a risk to health: violation of the study leisure regimen, violation of dietary pattern and quality, low motor activity, smoking, frequent alcohol abuse, drug taste, and deteriorated family microclimate, was revealed in middle and senior schoolchildren from Moscow, Kaliningrad, and Murmansk. Proposals are given to mold healthy lifestyle in adolescents and to optimize their hygienic education at general educational establishments.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic requirements for work organization of full-day schools].
Physiological and hygienic studies under the conditions of a natural hygienic experiment were conducted to examine different variants of the organization of work of new types of general educational establishments--full-day schools. Over 580 pupils from 5 full-day schools were followed up. ⋯ Of vital importance for maintenance of mental performance, good emotional and psychosomatic states are the organization of the intraschool environment, including a school plot, as well as the conditions for realization of additional education, motor activity of children, and recess. Health keeping in pupils from full-day schools is favored by the reduction in the duration of lessons to 35 minutes and day sleep for first-form children, the decrease in the number of pupils in a class, outdoor physical exercises in the middle of a school day (a primary school) and strolls after lessons, three meals a day, balanced additional education, medicopsychological accompaniment, optimization of studies and rest in children during a school year.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic evaluation of the provision of the population of the Russian Federation with drinking water and measures for its improvements].
In accordance with the sanitary-and-epidemiological requirements, drinking water should be epidemiologically, radiationally, and chemically safe and have good organoleptic properties. In 2007 versus 2006, the situation associated with the state of both underground and surface sources of centralized drinking water supply and the quality of water in the areas of hydraulic works substantially unchanged and continues to remain poor. In 2007, the proportion of water pipes from the underground sources unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards was 20%, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.1%), the required complex of waste disposal plants (6.1%), or sterilizing units (2.6%). ⋯ In 2007 in the Russian Federation, 17.5 and 5.8% of water samples from the water-supply network were unconformable to the hygienic requirements in sanitary-and-chemical and microbiological parameters, respectively. As for rural water supply, in 2007 in the Russian Federation, rural areas exploited 59,362 water pipes, i.e. 82.5% of the water pipers in Russia as a whole. The proportion of water pipes in the rural areas, which were unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards, was 21.2% in 2007, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.7%), a required complex of waste disposal plants (6.8%), or sterilizing units (3.3%).
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The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. ⋯ The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.