Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2009
[Hygienic assessment of soil pollution on the territory of oil-producing regions in the Republic of Tatarstan].
The paper provides the hygienic characteristics of soil resources on the territory of oil-producing regions in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). Soil pollution with heavy metals and oil was evaluated. ⋯ The soils on the territory of oil-producing regions in RT were observed to be characterized by the low levels and poor ratio of essential trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and chromium. Significant soil manganese concentrations, the presence of arsenic and lead may be considered as factors aggravating the problem associated with deficiency of essential trace elements in the body and with the generation of endocrine biopathotype.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Implication of behavioral risk factors in the development of abnormalities in junior school children].
Comprehensive medical examinations of 406 junior schoolchildren from 4 Moscow general educational schools during education and an investigation of the spread of poor factors caused by lifestyle and their influence on the functional status, autonomic homeostasis, and adaptive capacities of schoolchildren have established behavioral risk factors for abnormalities at junior school age. Multivariate analytical methods (137 variables) could ascertain the priority and behavioral risk factors in the formation of functional abnormalities in children during primary schooling: an increase in the incidence of abnormalities of the cardiovascular system by 3.5 times, the eye and its appendicular apparatus by 3.5 times, the musculoskeletal system by 4.2 times, and the nervous system by 4.8 times.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Development of sociopsychological adaptation of schoolchildren and vocational school pupils].
The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the influence of family factors on social and psychological adaptation and achievement motivation in pupils from general education schools and in their coevals from vocational educational schools (VES). An experimental study was conducted in 10th-form pupils from a number of Moscow schools and persons of the same age who were one-year course pupils from a Moscow VES. A total of 242 pupils, including 130 schoolchildren and 112 one-year course pupils from the VES, were examined. ⋯ The performed study confirmed the negative impact of poor family relations on pupils' sociological and psychological adaptation independently of the type of a general educational establishment. The high maternal educational level had a good effect on the adaptability of schoolchildren, that of boys in particular, whereas the paternal educational status is of the same value to VES pupils. Family relations and maternal and paternal education levels significantly affect the formation of achievement motive in pupils and their social and psychological adaptation as a whole.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[First-form children's health status and mental development].
The task of the study was to comparatively analyze neuropsychic features in first-form children at the end of the first school year depending on the results of a medical examination and the opinions as to the appropriateness of each child's entering a school. The cognitive functions, psychomotor system, functional visual analyzer lability, that reflected nervous system fatigue in a schoolchild, and psychosocial adaptation measures were studied. ⋯ However, they showed decreased functional lability of the visual analyzer, difficulties in taking and carrying out rapid decisions, and lowered psychosocial adaptability. The specific features of mental development of first-form children with poor health set them under special conditions of an educational process, which are not conductive to better health.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic requirements for work organization of full-day schools].
Physiological and hygienic studies under the conditions of a natural hygienic experiment were conducted to examine different variants of the organization of work of new types of general educational establishments--full-day schools. Over 580 pupils from 5 full-day schools were followed up. ⋯ Of vital importance for maintenance of mental performance, good emotional and psychosomatic states are the organization of the intraschool environment, including a school plot, as well as the conditions for realization of additional education, motor activity of children, and recess. Health keeping in pupils from full-day schools is favored by the reduction in the duration of lessons to 35 minutes and day sleep for first-form children, the decrease in the number of pupils in a class, outdoor physical exercises in the middle of a school day (a primary school) and strolls after lessons, three meals a day, balanced additional education, medicopsychological accompaniment, optimization of studies and rest in children during a school year.