Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic evaluation of the provision of the population of the Russian Federation with drinking water and measures for its improvements].
In accordance with the sanitary-and-epidemiological requirements, drinking water should be epidemiologically, radiationally, and chemically safe and have good organoleptic properties. In 2007 versus 2006, the situation associated with the state of both underground and surface sources of centralized drinking water supply and the quality of water in the areas of hydraulic works substantially unchanged and continues to remain poor. In 2007, the proportion of water pipes from the underground sources unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards was 20%, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.1%), the required complex of waste disposal plants (6.1%), or sterilizing units (2.6%). ⋯ In 2007 in the Russian Federation, 17.5 and 5.8% of water samples from the water-supply network were unconformable to the hygienic requirements in sanitary-and-chemical and microbiological parameters, respectively. As for rural water supply, in 2007 in the Russian Federation, rural areas exploited 59,362 water pipes, i.e. 82.5% of the water pipers in Russia as a whole. The proportion of water pipes in the rural areas, which were unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards, was 21.2% in 2007, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.7%), a required complex of waste disposal plants (6.8%), or sterilizing units (3.3%).
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Multicenter Study Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of organization of an educational process in the general education establishments of a large town].
The mental health status of a rising generation is a necessary condition for acquiring professional knowledge and work skills and socializing the personality. In the opinion of many investigators, schoolchildren's mental health maintenance depends on the correct organization of a teaching process and on the observance of the hygienic academic work standards to a large measure. ⋯ Mental dysadaptation is more evident in gymnasium pupils than that in lyceum ones. The evaluation of the impact of an academic load at the examined schools on the development of mental dysadaptation in the pupils has confirmed that there is a direct correlation with their emotional status in terms of the rates of anxiety and depression, suggesting that an academic load plays a key role in the development of mental dysadaptation in pupils and that there is a need for searching for the most effective and acceptable mechanisms of its optimization in order to prevent mental dysadaptation in schoolchildren.
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The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. ⋯ The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Multicenter Study Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of organization of motor activity in primary class pupils of full-day schools].
The impact of a routine with the traditional organization of motor activity, a more extensive motor regimen with additional lessons of physical training, eurhythmics, and swimming, as well as a motor regimen of prophylactic and health-improving orientation of the Health School, which is at the most integrated into an educational process, on exercise performance, lung capacity, carpal muscle strength, physical fitness, and nonspecific resistance was studied in 156 first-to-second-form pupils at a two-year follow-up. The traditional motor regimen was found to fail to significantly increase functional parameters. ⋯ The Health School motor regimen providing a uniform motor activity distribution in the first and second half of a day and a predominance of a dynamic component over a statistical one was also favorable to the maintenance of increment rates of the parameters at 2 years of the follow-up, which implies the developing nature of this regimen. Hygienic recommendations to optimize the traditional motor regimen were worked out for full-day school pupils.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Historical Article[History of the foundation and activities of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents, Research Center of Children's Health].
The paper presents data on the history of foundation of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. The Institute is reported to have established to study the influence of factors of the vital activity environment and the health status and capability of children and adolescents, and the development, on this basis, of measures aimed at maintaining and promoting the health status of the rising generation. The Institute is the only research establishment of this profile in the Russian Federation, the leading scientific institution on this problem. ⋯ The Institute took part in the development of hygienic standards, a new basic school-based educational program, and the Law on State Educational Standard. Research developments obtained from the Institute's multidimensional studies are outlined. The specialists of the Institute are actively involved in the activity of international medical associations.