Gigiena i sanitariia
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The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. ⋯ The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Morbidity and problems in medical provision of vocational school pupils].
The medical provision system for vocational college (VC) pupils was apparently destroyed at the turn of the 20th century, causing their health to become worse. In the past 10-12 years, there has been an appreciable increase in the rates of functional impairments and chronic diseases. Cases of profession-related diseases have been revealed in some VCs. Examination of the negative impact of vocational work-related and psychological factors on adolescents' health could substantiate general and differential recommendations to optimize a training process, to prevent diseases, and to improve the health status of pupils from VCs of different profile.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Integrated assessment of educational conditions in general education establishments of different types].
The integrated assessment of urban general educational establishments has revealed that teaching conditions at most of them do not meet the requirements of hygiene and the natural science bases of age-related psychophysiology. Only at the recently commissioned schools, the teaching conditions are recognized to be acceptable and they may become optimal on remedying flaws in the organization of a teaching-and-educational process. ⋯ Disadvantages in the organization of medical provision are more frequently observed at innovational schools too. The negative impact of higher loads at innovational schools can be leveled, by actively introducing into an educational process the health-preserving and health-improving technologies that should be employed by teachers and medical workers.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
Comparative Study[Complex effect of lead on various routes of human entrance in the Far North].
The results of the performed comprehensive study have allowed the authors to give a hygienic assessment of the risk from environmental lead pollution in the Yamal-Nenetsk Autonomous District. By taking into account the regional features in their studies, the authors revealed certain regularities in the formation of environmental lead pollution where, along with a tendency for ambient air pollution to rise, there was a conjugated impact on the quality of portable water on the increase of a complex environmental load. ⋯ To minimize the risk of environmental lead pollution to human health, the regional lead standards has been scientifically founded and recommended for the inhabited localities of the Yamal region, by keeping in mind its combined impact on the organism. When all environmental objects are polluted, human health safety may be, on lead's coming into the body via various routes and modes, afforded if the level of the metal in ambient air of 0.0002 mg/m3 and with that in the drinking water of 0.01 mg/l.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
[Assessment of a risk from exposure to atmosphere bus industrial emissions].
The carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to health were estimated in accordance with the requirements stated in the guide P 2.1.10.1920-04 "Guidelines for assessing the health risk in the population exposed to the chemicals polluting the environment" (approved by G. G. ⋯ The individual carcinogenic risk to health has been found to be higher than the acceptable (safe) level (10-4) was due to the probable exposure to a 2-heptane fraction (nefras ChS 94/99) and hexavalent chromium. The highest non-carcinogenic risk to human was also due to the heptane fraction (nefras ChS 94/99) (hazard coefficient > 1).