Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2008
Review[Ways of improving the conditions of water supply of a large city].
The authors consider alternative procedures for providing the population of a large town with portable water of high quality. They show the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures and define the developmental priorities of the conditions of water supply of a million-strong town.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2008
Review[Hygienic evaluation of water supply in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District--Yugry].
The paper considers the sources of water supply of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District--Yugry. It gives data on the quality of water from the underground and surface sources. ⋯ The state of most domestic water pipes was ascertained to be poor: 35.8% of the municipal water pipes and 75.0% of the departmental ones did not meet the hygienic requirements. 52.8% of water samples failed to meet the hygienic standards in sanitary and chemical indices, and 3.7% in microbiological ones, which undoubtedly affected the population's health. There are two ways of improving the water supply of the district's population: 1) to improve purification of the whole water delivered to inhabited localities and 2) to provide the population with high-quality water to be only drunk, including that to be bottled.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2008
Review[Naturally caused imbalance of elements in the population of the Yamal Region (a review)].
The study has indicated that microelementosis in the natives and newcomers of Yamal is caused by the geochemical features of the region and supplemented by inadequate zinc intake. The region's waters differ in their hygienic standards and high levels of iron and the air is characterized by the latter's deficiency. Fe is ingested equally with water and foodstuffs while Cu and Zn are mainly with foods. The trace element status of the newcomers is considerably close to that in the natives of the North and associated with the chemical composition of the region's waters.
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The frequency of multiple congenital malformations, central nervous system and genital malformations were found to be associated to the magnitude and duration of ecological load. Xenobiotics identified in the ambient air of a large industrial center pose an increased risk for antenatal malformations. The largest number of statistically significant correlation coefficients was established between the study variables at a delay lag of 2 years. It is assumed that high ambient air pollution adversely affects the mechanisms of inheritance in future parents long before birth of a child.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2008
Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of ambient air pollution in the industrial towns of the Republic of Karelia and that of a risk to the health status of pediatric and adolescent populations].
The pollutants entering the ambient air due to the production activity of the basic industrial enterprises situated in the western, central, and southern areas of the Republic of Karelia are analyzed. Associations are shown between the indices characterizing non-carcinogenic risks of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxides, and suspension particles and the rates of diseases of a number of systems and organs in children and adolescents in Karelia. Procedures are proposed to improve the performance of monitoring studies of environmental pollutant emissions.