Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Hygienic assessment of biological reservoir pollution in Eastern Siberia and the North].
The paper presents the characteristics of microbial communities in the water reservoirs of Eastern Siberia and North and their changes depending on the anthropogenic pollution and analyzes antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. The water contamination with pathogenic viruses was revealed in relation to the man-made load, which may be a criterion for assessing the epidemiological situation on the territories.
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The patterns of growth and development were revealed in preschool children from Chukotka, which were characterized by ontogenetic heterochronism, sex dimorphism, and differences in the values of skeleton massiveness, body build, and body component contents, depending on age, gender, and ethnicity. The pattern of increments in height and weight was defined, which was optimal in aborigines and poor in newcomers. Variations in body weight was 2-3 times greater than that in height; bone components were observed to be more in boys than in girls independent of age and ethnicity.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2008
Comparative Study[Impact of man-made atmospheric pollution on the incidence of congenital malformations].
S u m mary. The paper presents the results of studying the qualitative and quantitative representation of anthropogenic pollutants in the ambient air environment of Belgorod and evaluating their impact on the prevalence of neonatal congenital malformations. The level of atmospheric pollutant emissions is shown to vary by an average of 4 to 10 times in some areas. ⋯ Each group of clusters includes 2 to 9 pollutants (median 4.64 pollutants). Atmospheric pollutants have been ascertained to adversely affect the prevalence of congenital malformations in children. A multiple regression equation has been derived to predict the frequency of congenital malformations, by taking into account the qualitative and quantitative spectrum of atmospheric pollutants.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2008
Review[Topical problems in the provision of the Russian Federation's population with sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being].
The most important political and organizational events considerably affecting the strategy and tactics of prevention of infectious diseases may be called at the Summit of Eight (Saint Petersburg) that has considered the problem of consolidation of the world community's efforts in counteracting the prevalence of infectious diseases, as well as the adopted specific decisions on this matter; development of a concept of financial provision of Russian initiatives in the control of infectious diseases and its realization by the Government of the Russian Federation; implementation of the national priority health project on the additional mass immunization against rubella, influenza, poliomyelitis, prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis B and C; implementation of regional and federal programs on the population's sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being; further improvement and development of a legal and standard basis in the control of infectious diseases; reorganization of a state sanitary-and-epidemiological service on a large scale; conferment of the status of a poliomyelitis-free country and a WHO certificate to the Russian Federation; development and implementation of the national action plan to maintain the achieved results; implementation of the national program in eradicating measles in the Russian Federation; implementation of complex measures against the importation and spread of revived particularly dangerous infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza and preparation of the population for a possible influenza pandemic; establishment of an executive headquarters to coordinate activities against the prevalence of avian influenza in the Russian Federation; making decisions, with the results of a meeting of the Russian Federation's State Council being kept in mind, on the intensification and coordination of activities aimed at counteracting the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation, by setting up a governmental commission; involvement in the solution of biological safety problems in accordance with the "Foundations of public chemical and biological safety policy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2000 and further prospects" approved by the President of the Russian Federation; implementation of measures for sanitary area control within the framework of the goal-oriented federal program "The State Boundary of the Russian Federation" (2003-2010).
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2008
Comparative Study[Influence of poor factors of airports on human health].
The hygienic study conducted in Rostov-on-Don has shown that air transport and airports are important sources of physical and chemical pollution of the environment. Human health examinations served to illustrate the adverse impact of airports on the environmental and hygienic living conditions of the population. The performed studies provided the basis for purpose-oriented program to enhance the environment and to reduce morbidity rates in accordance with the National Environmental Hygiene Program. The developed algorithm of the assessment and reduction of a risk for diseases under the influence of poor factors associated with the activities of airports is designed to provide the authorities and concerned organizations with information, to make managerial decisions, and to work out health-improving measures.