Gigiena i sanitariia
-
The time course of changes in ambient air pollution was hygienically estimated, socioeconomic factors (n = 31) and level of health care delivery (20 factors) were studied in selected towns (a city numbering over million dwellers, a large industrial center, and an average numbered administrative town). The factors forming the population's health were stratified in score, by taking into account the weighting factors (Delhi's method) in relation to the values of an administrative town, which were taken as 1 (one). ⋯ The quality of health care provision is higher in the million-numbered city (1.6 scores) and in large town (1.2 scores). The specific contribution of factors to the demographic setting was defined under specific conditions.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Estimation of environmental factors-caused damage to human health in the Republic of Kazakhstan].
The author proposes a theoretical rationale for estimation of environmental factor-induced damage to human health in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The stochastic nature of damage is shown and an association of the latter with the health risk category has been established. The author has developed a model of a relationship of health life expectancy to the level of gross domestic product and a procedure for economic evaluation of environment-induced damage to human health.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Classification of hazards of industrial enterprises on a new methodological basis].
Based on the analysis of data on the volume of emission from 163 enterprises, a classification of industrial projects that are the sources of ambient air pollution has been developed, which includes: an estimate of the degree of hazard (5 classes) from enterprises by the total volume of emission irrespective industrial affiliation and the kind of activities; the relative index (RI) of hazard from an enterprise, which considers the volume of emission and the degree of toxicity of each pollutant (the RI specifies the class of an enterprise); the possible sizes of sanitary-hygiene zones in relation to the total volume of emission (tons per year). Testing the developed classification, by using 64 enterprises and various projects as an example has shown the expedisanitary-hygiene zones of an enterprise and projects of any branches of industry or the kind of activities, which are ambient air pollution sources.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Hygienic evaluation of the risk of man-made environmental influences on human health].
In Ufa, the largest industrial center of oil-refining industry, petrochemistry, and chemistry, a long-term exposure to chemical compounds has resulted in a high chemical load on the body. A previous exposure to high doses and concentrations of a complex of pollutants caused a reduction in the total resistance of the entire population on the territory of the city. The higher mortality rates, including those due to cancer, undoubtedly reflects both the exposure to delayed effects of a complex of chemical compounds, the total level of which exceeded the hygienic standards, and the combined effects of a whole complex of pollutants over 25-30 years. Therefore, on assessing the risks of technogenic action on the health status of the population of a city with the traditionally petrochemical and chemical profile under the conditions of complex pollution, it is necessary to take into account the priority regional features: the delayed presentation of adverse environmental exposures.