Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
-
Pre and post-fixed variations at roots of the brachial plexus have been well documented, however little is known about the variations that exist in the branches which arise from the brachial plexus. In this paper, we describe about one such rare variation related to the dorsal scapular and the long thoracic nerve, which are the branches arising from the roots of the brachial plexus. The variation was found during routine dissection. ⋯ Furthermore along with variations in origin of the dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves, the brachial plexus was seen to exist as a prefixed plexus receiving a contribution from C4 nerve root. An aberrant communicating branch between the dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve was also identified. Knowledge about the course and anatomy of such variations can be vital for understanding the aetiology of various conditions such as winging of scapula, interscapular pain, administration of cervical nerve blocks, surgeries and for effective management of regions and muscles supplied by dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve.
-
The effectiveness of fluid preloading is in doubt, so co-loading has been attempted to reduce the incidence of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension in caesarean patients. ⋯ Colloid preloading and co-loading are equally effective and both are superior to crystalloid preloading for prevention of maternal hypotension in caesarean section patients.