Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
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Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis are difficult because of the variable and non-specific clinical presentation of this condition. Hence, there is a need for early predictive screening method for neonatal sepsis. ⋯ The haematological scoring system using cord blood can be considered as an early predictive screening method for detection of early onset neonatal sepsis. Identifying the risk of developing sepsis early can prevent morbidity and mortality of the neonates.
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Follicular bronchiolitis (FB) also known as hyperplasia of the bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), or bronchiolar nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, is an entity characterized by the development of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers in the walls of small airways. FB is thought to be caused by antigenic stimulation of BALT, followed by a polyclonal lymphoid hyperplasia. ⋯ FB is a pathological diagnosis that can be seen in several clinical settings, including connective tissue diseases, immunodeficiency states, autoimmune diseases, infections, obstructive airway diseases, as well as several types of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Its characteristics need to be carefully identified and differentiated from other closely related diseases in the group of LPDs due to significant differences in treatment and prognosis.
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Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse hair loss. Women with telogen effluvium more frequently present to dermatologist. ⋯ Diffuse shedding of telogen hair are seen after 3-4 months of triggering event. The observation of increased telogen hair shedding does not infer a cause. Establishing aetiology of telogen effluvium requires elicitation of relevant history and appropriate laboratory investigations to exclude endocrine, nutritional and autoimmune disorders.
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Response to experimental pain depends on the nature of the pain stimulus, as well as on gender, racial, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This study investigates the effect of age on pain sensitivity and cardiovascular reactivity produced by experimental pain. We have also compared the values of body mass index (BMI) and resting blood pressure of volunteers with the normal values. ⋯ The high numbers of volunteers with abnormal basal parameters (BMI and resting blood pressure) show an urgent need to educate the general public about the dangers and risk factors of obesity and hypertension. Less exposure of children to painful encounters may be responsible for their high pain sensitivity while higher values of resting blood pressure and decreased sensitivity of the sensory systems with advancing age may be responsible for the hypoalgesia observed in old adults.
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Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can cause hypertension and tachycardia which can result in myocardial ischemia or stroke in vulnerable people. The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of bolus dose of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in attenuating haemodynamic stress responses following laryngoscopy and intubation. ⋯ Attenuation of rise in heart rate and blood pressure following laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation was better with 1mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine when compared to fentanyl.