Surgery
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Validating assessment tools in surgical simulation training is critical to objectively measuring skills. Most reviews do not elicit methodologies for conducting rigorous validation studies. Our study reports current methodological approaches and proposes benchmark criteria for establishing validity in surgical simulation studies. ⋯ The typical validation study comes from a single institution with a small sample size, lacks clear justification for task selection, omits reliability reporting, and poses potential bias in study design. The lack of standardized validation methodologies creates challenges for training centers that survey the literature to determine the appropriate method for their local settings.
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Clinical Trial
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for diabetes treatment in nonmorbidly obese patients: efficacy and change of insulin secretion.
Sleeve gastrectomy is a new bariatric surgery, and many reports have showed that patients who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy have experienced rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms accounting for the beneficial effects of sleeve gastrectomy on glucose homeostasis are not well understood and remain speculative. This trial assessed prospectively the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on type 2 diabetes and the serial changes of insulin secretion to oral glucose loads. ⋯ Laparosopic gastric sleeve gastrectomy resulted in remission of poorly controlled nonmorbidly obese T2DM patients up to 50% at 1 year after operation. The effect is related more to the decreasing of insulin resistance because of calorie restriction and weight loss rather than to the increasing of insulin secretion. C-peptide >3 ng/mL is the most important predictor for a successful treatment.
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Patients and payers wish to identify hospitals with good surgical oncology outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether differences in outcomes explained by hospital structural characteristics are mitigated by differences in patient severity. ⋯ Patient severity of illness varies significantly across hospitals, which may explain the outcome differences observed. Severity adjustment is crucial to understanding outcome differences. Outcomes were better than predicted for NCI-designated hospitals.
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Kangri cancer is a heat-induced skin carcinoma associated with the use of the Kangri. This Kangri, which is a traditional fire pot, is an ingenious mode of providing warmth. The Kangri is an earthenware container with an outer encasement of wickerwork that is filled with ignited coal inside for providing a source of heat in winter months. Its prolonged use may result in formation of erythema ab igne, a reticulate hypermelanosis with erythema, which may transform into cutaneous cancer. Currently, this skin cancer rarely is found in the Kashmir valley. ⋯ Kangri cancer still occurs in patients who live in remote areas of Kashmir where there is a chilling cold in winter months and have no modern and alternative cheap means of warming other than the Kangri.