Rinshō shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology
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Myositis is a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation of skeletal muscle. Historically, myositis has been defined using clinical features including muscle weakness, skin disease, internal organ involvement, and an association with cancer in adults. From a clinicopathologic approach, myositis has been classified into pathologically distinct subsets, polymyositis, dermatomyositis(DM), necrotizing autoimmune myositis, amyopathic DM, and non-specific myositis. ⋯ On the other hand, with the recent discovery of new myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), it has been revealed that around 60% of patients with IIMs have been shown to have a anti-myositis-specific autoantibody, including anti-synthetase, anti-Mi-2, anti-MDA5, anti-TIF1 and anti-SRP antibodies. Because of striking association between unique MSAs and distinct clinical phenotypes, these antibodies are thought to be important not only for classifications of IIMs, but also as factors involved in the mechanism underlying their pathogenesis. This review reports recent progress in understanding of pathological features of myositis with MSAs.
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Case Reports
[A case of cerebral fat embolism after artificial bone replacement operation for femoral head fracture].
A 83 years old woman was slipped and injured with right femoral neck fracture. After three days from the fracture, she underwent an artificial head bone replacement operation. Immediately after surgery, she complained of chest discomfort, nausea and dyspnea. ⋯ Two weeks after surgery, her condition recovered and remaind to stuporous state even six month after surgery. We experienced a typical case of cerebral fat embolism, after bone surgery with diagnostic findings on MRI-DWI. Diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism syndrome requires a history of long bone fracture and/or replacing surgery with typical finding on MRI images, such as "star field pattern''.
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Letter Case Reports
[Cervical cord infarction due to dissection of the vertebral artery].
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Migraine is, essentially, an episodic disease. However, characteristics of headache of some episodic migraine change like as tension-type headache and number of headache days also increased, as a result, develop into chronic migraine. However, it is difficult to distinguish chronic migraine and medication oversuse headache. ⋯ The pathophysiology of transformation from episodic to chronic migraine is still unknown. Epidemiological study revealed several risk factors such as medication overusue, frequency of headache, obesity, low education, low income, snoring, depression, neck/head trauma and so on. It is important to control these risk factors for migraine chronification.
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Most scalp neuralgias are supraorbital or occipital. Although they have been considered idiopathic, recent studies revealed that some were attributable to mechanical irritation with the peripheral nerve of the scalp by superficial anatomical cranial structures. ⋯ Decompression surgery to address these neuralgias has been reported. As headache after craniotomy is the result of iatrogenic injury to the peripheral nerve of the scalp, post-craniotomy headache should be considered as a differential diagnosis.