Pain management
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In children, intravenous anesthetic premedication can be distressing. Intranasal (IN) ketamine offers a less invasive approach. ⋯ There is a need for sufficiently powered, methodologically rigorous trials, using psychometrically evaluated, objective outcome measures to meaningfully inform practice.
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Tapentadol is a novel atypical opioid. Anecdotal evidence suggests that tapentadol has a lower toxicity than conventional opioids. ⋯ At least four confirmed fatalities, and serious adverse effects have been documented for individuals abusing or using tapentadol as prescribed. Serious adverse effects of tapentadol use may include respiratory depression, confusion, coma, hallucination/delusion, seizures, tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, tremor, miosis, hypotension, dyspnea, electrolyte abnormality, atrial fibrillation or severe upper abdominal pain. Tapentadol is unlikely to cause serotonin syndrome. The toxicity of tapentadol is significantly less than pure mu opioids, such as oxycodone.
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Tapentadol is a novel atypical opioid. Anecdotal evidence suggests that tapentadol has a lower toxicity than conventional opioids. ⋯ At least four confirmed fatalities, and serious adverse effects have been documented for individuals abusing or using tapentadol as prescribed. Serious adverse effects of tapentadol use may include respiratory depression, confusion, coma, hallucination/delusion, seizures, tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, tremor, miosis, hypotension, dyspnea, electrolyte abnormality, atrial fibrillation or severe upper abdominal pain. Tapentadol is unlikely to cause serotonin syndrome. The toxicity of tapentadol is significantly less than pure mu opioids, such as oxycodone.
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To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of community-use formulations of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose. ⋯ The pharmacokinetics of im./sc. auto-injector 2 mg and approved intranasal spray (2 and 4 mg) demonstrated rapid uptake and naloxone exposure exceeding that of the historic benchmark (0.4 mg im.), indicating that naloxone exposure was adequate for reversal of opioid overdose.
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To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of community-use formulations of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose. ⋯ The pharmacokinetics of im./sc. auto-injector 2 mg and approved intranasal spray (2 and 4 mg) demonstrated rapid uptake and naloxone exposure exceeding that of the historic benchmark (0.4 mg im.), indicating that naloxone exposure was adequate for reversal of opioid overdose.