Seminars in oncology
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Malignant gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The development of the malignant phenotype is the result of a complex series of events that influence gene expression, angiogenesis, and invasion and favor the growth of tumor cells. ⋯ However, there is no satisfactory regimen available for adjuvant or salvage chemotherapy for these neoplasms. An overview of the biologic mechanisms, grading systems, and treatment options for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme is presented.
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Neurologic complications of cancer and its therapy are varied and common, but there are few true neurologic emergencies. However, when a neurologic emergency does occur, rapid diagnosis and treatment can preserve neurologic function and, in some circumstances, save a life. Epidural spinal cord compression, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), status epilepticus, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are the most common neurologic emergencies in the cancer patient. This chapter details the clinical features, possible etiologies, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for each of these complications.