International journal of clinical pharmacology research
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Repeated colics from urinary calculosis produce referred muscle hyperalgesia whose extent is proportional to the number of colics. The pathophysiology of this hyperalgesia was investigated in electrophysiological studies (spinal cord recordings) on an animal model of artificial ureteral calculosis. Stone-implanted rats show both visceral pain episodes and muscle hyperalgesia of the ipsilateral lumbar musculature; the extent of hyperalgesia is a function of the number of episodes. ⋯ These findings were proportional in extent to the number of visceral episodes presented by the rats before recordings; in cases of an extremely high number (> 50), several neurons also displayed abnormal activity, i.e. permanent short rhythmic bursts. These changes reflect a state of central sensitization and are probably due to the abnormal inflow from the affected ureter which facilitates the central effect of muscular input, thus accounting for the referred hyperalgesia. The degree of sensitization appears to be a function of the repetition of the visceral afferent barrage.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Res · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of the analgesic effects of diflunisal and paracetamol in the treatment of postoperative dental pain.
The search for new effective analgesics without unwanted effects on the coagulation mechanism and a longer duration of activity has been intensified. One such development is diflunisal and the aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of diflunisal with that of paracetamol. ⋯ Pain intensity and relief were assessed postoperatively for 8h using category-rating scales. The results showed a statistically significant difference in favour of diflunisal in each and every parameter used in determining the efficacy of the treatment.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Res · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialOral tramadol and buprenorphine in tumour pain. An Italian multicentre trial.
In this multicentre trial tramadol and buprenorphine were compared for the treatment of neoplastic pain no longer responsive to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A total of 131 adults (86 M, 45F) were treated with tramadol (one 100-mg slow-release tablet every 8-12 h), or buprenorphine (one sublingual 0.2-mg tablet every 6-8 h). The trial was to continue for up to six months. ⋯ There were six drop-outs in the first group (9%) and seven in the second (11%). Serious symptoms arose more frequently in the buprenorphine group (19% cf. 10%). No signs of dependence or tolerance were noted.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Res · Jan 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialExploration of NMDA receptors in migraine: therapeutic and theoretic implications.
Pain intensity was observed before and after the subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of ketamine hydrochloride (80 micrograms/kg/s.c.) or saline (0.9% NaCl given by the same route) in 17 migraine (M) sufferers as an acute treatment of their M attacks. The same parameter was observed in another group of 17 M-sufferers complaining of very severe and frequent M attacks; these subjects were completely refractory to the prophylactic treatments currently used in M. In this second group, ketamine 80 micrograms/kg/s.c./three times a day) or saline was randomly assigned in a short (3-week) chronic treatment. ⋯ Mild specific side-effects were observed in the majority of the patients treated with ketamine. Moreover in the placebo group, the majority of these patients also complained of side-effects. The present results support the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors play an important role in the mechanisms of M.
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Int J Clin Pharmacol Res · Jan 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPost-operative analgesia with tramadol: a controlled study compared with an analgesic combination.
The analgesic action of tramadol in the post-operative period was compared with that of an analgesic combination (Nisidin) in a sample of 60 patients (31 male, 29 female) aged between 20 and 70 years undergoing surgical operations on the abdomen involving opening of the peritoneum. The study was carried out according to a controlled and randomized experimental design. ⋯ Local and general safety were good in both groups, and respiratory and heart rates did not undergo clinically significant modifications. In conclusion, tramadol proves to be particularly indicated in the treatment of post-operative pain, given that it has analgesic action combined with good local and general safety.