Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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Serologic confirmation is required for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in all the patients except those with well confirmed and typical erythema migrans (EM) lesion. In patients with articular symptoms, the primary cause of seronegativity is performing a test at a very early stage of the disease, before detectable levels of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. antibodies build up. ⋯ Secondly, insufficient antibiotic treatment of EM may halt development of humoral response without total eradication of the pathogen, which may result in the relapse of arthritis without detectable anti-B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies for up to several months later--a rather rare phenomenon, which, however, must be taken into consideration in patients with a history of treated EM. A fe cases of seronegative Lyme arthritis not related to previous antibiotherapy have been reported, but i seems an extremely rare condition, and, if suspected, should be confirmed by histopathologic or molecular examination of the material from the affected joint.
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The health of the individuals and whole population is determined by many interrelated factors. Primary by socio-economic distal determinants which are essential for health inequalities. ⋯ The concept of investment for health is described. Principles of healthy public policy and prospects of health in all policies, Impact Assessment methodology and Health Impact Assessment are marked out.
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Case Reports
[Favourable course of herpes simplex encephalitis in the 37-year-old woman in 26th weeks of pregnancy].
Herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis is a disease with a high mortality. HSV infections affect relatively young people. Characteristic neurological signs, MRI findings, PCR of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are useful tools in early recognition of HSV encephalitis. We present a case of HSV encephalitis with favourable course in 37-year-old woman in 26 week of pregnancy.
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On the 15th of June 2007 entered into force the International Health Regulations entered into force with are the revision previous Health Regulations from 1969. The IHR (2005) were adopted on 58 World Health Assembly by WHO member-states. The new Regulations give a new opportunity and tools to protect and control of infections diseases. ⋯ The key terms as defined by IHR (2005) are: term of event, disease, public health risk (PHR), public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), National IHR Focal Point and WHO IHR Contact Point. By new requirements State-Parties are involve in real time event management, they are also oblige to asses the event risk according to decision instrument in Annex 2 of IHR (2005). This article reviews the key obligations of IHR (2005) to both member-states and WHO and also the ways of emergence communications under this document.
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Health care institutions generate variable waste, including infectious. Since the microorganism can survive on non alive surfaces for up to dozen or so mouth infectious medical waste can be real health risk for patients and personnel. ⋯ The members of this committee should be representatives from all departments. The plan of management waste from health can institutions include the segregation of waste and management (collecting, storage, transport, neutralization).