Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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Malopolskie voivodeship was established in 1999 from regions where alarming low vaccination coverage had place. It was necessary to introduce an improvement program of vaccination performance in this area. The vaccination coverage in Malopolska voivodeship in period 1999-2004 has been analyzed. The immunization coverage has improved during this time, but is very sensitive on any problems in organization of vaccination performance.
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In Poland, 861 cases of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, 307 cases of viral encephalitis, 1022 of viral meningitis and 286 cases of meningitis and encephalitis of other or unknown etiology were reported in 2002. Incidence of the bacterial central nervous system infections has been declining over the past decade and the level of viral infections, following the outbreak in the mid-nineties, remained stable. ⋯ Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 90 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 72 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 85 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from the patients, but type C appears to be on the rise accounting for 35% of the serotyped strains. 126 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2002, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.
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The association between maternal smoking and retarded fetal grow was first time described in 1957, and now is well know. In addition smoking during pregnancy increases risk of spontaneous abortion, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, preterm premature rupture of membranes, stillbirth, preterm delivery and congenital malformations. The risk for most of these conditions has been found to increase with the number of cigarettes smoked and on the other hand women who stopped smoking during pregnancy are at the lower risk for most of those pathologies.