Journal of neurology
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The following review summarizes the progress in multiple sclerosis research published in the Journal of Neurology in 2009.
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This short review summarises the PD related research published in the Journal of Neurology in 2009.
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Journal of neurology · Feb 2010
ReviewDevelopment of oral cladribine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the CNS in which autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages and cytokines synergize to attack myelin sheaths and injure underlying axons. Current disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for MS require regular and frequent parenteral administration and are associated with limited long-term treatment adherence. Of all the potential new oral MS agents in development, cladribine is the only therapy with the potential for short-course dosing. ⋯ This paper discusses the need for new MS therapies to improve treatment adherence, and reviews the mechanism of action, existing efficacy and safety data, and the clinical development of oral cladribine. The need for continuous risk monitoring for all new potent immunoactive drugs under development is emphasized. Preliminary results of the 96-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter CLARITY (CLAdRIbine Tablets Treating MS OrallY) study are encouraging and provide the first complete phase III data on an oral DMD for MS.
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Journal of neurology · Jan 2010
Review Case ReportsBrachial neuritis caused by varicella-zoster diagnosed by changes in brachial plexus on MRI.
Brachial neuritis is a rare disorder affecting the brachial plexus. It is characterized by the acute onset of shoulder and arm pain followed by weakness, sensory loss and atrophy. ⋯ We present a case of a patient who had brachial neuritis preceded by varicella zoster infection. This was supported by MRI which showed abnormal signal consistent with inflammatory changes in the brachial plexus.
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Journal of neurology · Aug 2009
Review Historical ArticleHeadaches in antiquity and during the early scientific era.
This paper presents the evolution of ideas on headache symptoms from antiquity through the 19th century. A thorough study of texts, medical books and reports along with a review of the available literature in PubMed was undertaken: observations on headaches date back nearly 4,000 years to the ritual texts of Mesopotamia. ⋯ Overall, observations on headaches span a timeline of nearly 9,000 years. The work of the physicians during the 18th and 19th century, however, set the basis for scientific research.