Journal of neurology
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Journal of neurology · May 2011
Aneurysmal and clinical characteristics as risk factors for intracerebral haematoma from aneurysmal rupture.
Intracerebral haematoma (ICH) occurs in one-third of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with poor prognosis. Identification of risk factors for ICH from aneurysmal rupture may help in balancing risks of treatment of unruptured aneurysms. We assessed potential clinical and aneurysmal risk factors for ICH from aneurysmal rupture. ⋯ The RRs of other aneurysmal characteristics varied between 0.9 and 1.2. Patients with MCA aneurysms are at a higher risk of developing ICH. The other aneurysmal or clinical factors have no or only minor influence on the risk of ICH after rupture and are, therefore, not helpful in deciding on treatment of unruptured aneurysms.
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Cluster headache without headache (CH-H) has been described several times. We add three new CH-H patients and a patient with (probable) paroxysmal hemicrania without headache (PH-H). We searched the literature and found some more cases of CH-H and PH-H. ⋯ We propose the term trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia without headache (TAC-H) for autonomic attacks and/or extracephalic pain or sensory symptoms with an attack duration and distribution and/or response to therapy suggesting one of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, but without accompanying headache. Secondary TAC-H may develop after treatment for painful TAC attacks. We discuss pathophysiological issues, particularly the central role of the hypothalamus and the suggestion that the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) might be triggered by the diencephalic pacemaker without nociceptive activation.
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Journal of neurology · Apr 2011
Influence of acute blood pressure on short- and mid-term outcome of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
The optimal management of blood pressure (BP) during acute stroke is controversial. We aimed to investigate whether (1) acute BP has differential impact on clinical outcome of ischemic stroke (IS) and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and (2) the magnitude of such an effect varies from the very acute phase to the postacute phase of the two diseases. BP values were automatically recorded at 15-min intervals within the first 48 h in consecutive patients with stroke onset less than 24 h before Stroke Unit admission. ⋯ After exclusions, 264 patients (198 IS, 66 ICH) were included. High systolic BP (sBP) class was associated with (1) a direct ~15% increased risk of early neurological deterioration [risk difference (RD), +0.151; 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.039 to +0.263] and ~4% worse 48-h outcome for ICH with respect to IS (RD, +0.038; 95% CI +0.005 to +0.071), (2) a ~28% increased risk of 90-day unfavorable outcome in the group of patients with ICH with respect to IS [IRD = RD(ICH) - RD(IS), +0.289; 95% CI +0.010 to +0.571], and (3) no significant effect on 90-day mortality. The influence of acute BP values on mid-term stroke outcome varies depending on the stroke subtype.
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Journal of neurology · Apr 2011
Spontaneous pain, pain threshold, and pain tolerance in Parkinson's disease.
The mechanisms underlying pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) are unclear. Although a few studies have reported that PD patients may have low pain threshold and tolerance, none could accurately assess whether there was a correlation between sensory thresholds and demographic/clinical features of PD patients. Thus, tactile threshold, pain threshold, and pain tolerance to electrical stimuli in the hands and feet were assessed in 106 parkinsonian patients (of whom 66 reported chronic pain) and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. ⋯ In the former group, there was no relationship between pain threshold and the intensity/type of pain, and number of painful body parts. These findings suggest that pain threshold and pain tolerance tend to decrease as PD progresses, which can predispose to pain development. Female gender, dyskinesia, medical conditions associated with painful symptoms, and postural abnormalities secondary to rigidity/bradikinesia may contribute to the appearance of spontaneous pain in predisposed subjects.
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Journal of neurology · Feb 2011
Clinical TrialDisease activity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a 3-month follow-up study.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of identifiable pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and monitor a 3-month course using frequent optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluations, visual field testings and lumbar opening pressure measurements. A longitudinal study of 17 patients with newly diagnosed IIH and 20 healthy overweight controls were included in the study. ⋯ In patients with weight-loss <3.5% of BMI, changes in ICP were insignificant (p = 0.6). OCT combined with visual field testing may be a valuable objective tool to monitor IIH patients and the short term IIH outcome is positive. Weight-loss is the main predictor of a favorable outcome with respect to CSF pressure.