Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement
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Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. · Jan 1995
ReviewStress ulcer prophylaxis: gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia. Best evidence synthesis.
To examine the effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis on gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, and mortality. ⋯ All stress ulcer prophylactic agents appear to be effective in decreasing bleeding. Prophylaxis with sucralfate is associated with a lower rate of nosocomial pneumonia and mortality, providing strong evidence for use of this agent in clinical practice.
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Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. · Jan 1995
ReviewH2-receptor antagonists an Helicobacter pylori eradication.
To discuss the place of histamine H2-receptor antagonists in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. ⋯ Ranitidine is to be considered as a valuable and safe component of triple therapy against H. pylori in duodenal ulcer patients.
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Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. · Jan 1994
ReviewTreatment strategies for symptom resolution, healing, and Helicobacter pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer patients.
The introduction of anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy has increased the number of options available for the management of patients with duodenal ulcer disease. The aim of this paper is to summarize current knowledge and use it to form a strategy relevant to the management of patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Four key aspects are addressed. (i) Selection of duodenal ulcer patients for anti-H. pylori treatment. ⋯ At present, there are four effective eradication therapies documented: omeprazole plus amoxycillin or clarithromycin; omeprazole, amoxycillin and metronidazole; 'classic' triple therapy (bismuth, amoxycillin (or tetracycline) and metronidazole); and ranitidine, amoxycillin and metronidazole. (iv) Confirmation of eradication after treatment. This is needed in cases in which the chosen therapy has an efficacy below 80-90%. The test is important to identify those patients who require repeated treatment, before they present with an ulcer relapse.
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During the past 30 years much interest has been focused on gastric acid as a possible causative factor in functional dyspepsia. The similarities to duodenal ulcer with regard to the symptoms, previous reports of a high risk of subsequent ulcer development, and a growing number of clinical therapeutic trials showing a significant advantage for acid-reducing drugs over placebo--although challenged by many investigators--have all contributed to a common notion that the gastric acid may play an equally important pathogenic role in functional dyspepsia as in peptic ulcer disease. ⋯ Those dyspeptic individuals who benefit from antacids purchased over the counter usually do not have functional dyspepsia but rather organic diseases such as esophagitis or peptic ulcer. The association or pathophysiologic parallelism between functional dyspepsia and peptic ulcer implied by the results of some studies of functional dyspepsia in the past might be explained by unintended inclusion of overlooked or subclinical cases of peptic ulcer disease in those studies.
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Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. · Jan 1988
Review Comparative StudySingle case studies in psychology and psychiatry.
Single-case experimental designs are presented and discussed from several points of view: Historical antecedents, assessment of the dependent variable, internal and external validity and pre-experimental vs experimental single-case designs. In addition, general characteristics of experimental single-case designs are presented along with examples of the most common design types. ⋯ It is argued that single-case experimental designs are well suited for medical research as well as clinical practice. They provide tools for testing causal hypotheses concerning the effects of interventions in the single case.