Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne
-
To summarize current knowledge of the ERAS protocol in gynecologic oncology surgery. ⋯ ERAS (Enhanced Recovery after Surgery) is a perioperative treatment program based on evidence-based medicine. Guidelines consist of pre-operative, perioperative and post-operative care items. Implementation of the ERAS protocol leads to a decrease in complications up to 40% and a reduction in hospitalization by up to 30%, thereby reducing overall costs without increasing the number of rehospitalizations. Multidisciplinary cooperation not only with anesthesiologists and consultant surgeons, but also with nutritional specialists and nurses is crucial.
-
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes is responsible for approximately one third of all preterm deliveries. The most common complications associated with this pregnancy pathology are microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, intraamniotic inflammation, intraamniotic infection and histological chorioamnionitis. This article explains these complicatioss and their relation to the optimal management of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. ⋯ Inflammatory complications of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes are associated with risk of development of early onset sepsis. Nevertheless, gestational age is a main confounder affecting neonatal morbidity and mortality.
-
TRALI is a major cause of serious morbidity and mortality associated with a blood transfusion. It is clinically manifested by acute respiratory distress within 6 hours of completion of transfusion. Neutrophils have the key role in the pathogenesis. ⋯ TRALI is a clinical diagnosis based on hypoxemia and positive finding on lung X-ray examination. The treatment is only supportive and the mortality is about 5% to 10%. The major preventive measure is transfusing blood products from donors without leukocyte antibodies.
-
Review
[Urinary tract infections in pregnancy: when to treat, how to treat, and what to treat with].
Urinary tract infections (UTI) in pregnant women are a relatively frequent occurrence and the spectrum of these infections ranges from lower urinary tract disease (asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis) to upper urinary tract disease (acute pyelonephritis). Anatomical and functional changes in the urinary tract in pregnancy result in significantly higher susceptibility to progression of the infection from asymptomatic bacteriuria to the stage of acute pyelonephritis. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy leads, in as much as 40%, to the development of acute pyelonephritis with all the subsequent negative effects not only for the woman herself, but particularly for the fetus. ⋯ The article provides an overview of medications that can be safely used throughout the pregnancy or only in certain stages of pregnancy. The selection of an appropriate antibiotic should always be preceded by the result of urine culture. The article presents the principles and rules for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women.
-
Work summarises current data ideas of problems of ethical thinking and decision making in neonatology. Primary objective ethical questions of administration resuscitative and intensive care are outlined, as well as administration of care for babies, delivered on limit of viability, in the same way for children with high probability of serious damage in case of survival. ⋯ Findings of extensive european study named EURONIC are shortly mentioned, study concerns problems of ethical dilemmas in neonatology in 8 European countries. Finally the categorization of newborns in ethical thinking is mentioned and present circumstances in Czech republic are remarked.