Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Jul 2007
Elevation of soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in diabetic subjects with coronary artery disease.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor (RAGE) axis is implicated in diabetic vascular complication. Since a soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) could be generated from the cleavage of cell surface RAGE in endothelial cells (ECs), serum sRAGE levels may be elevated in diabetes consequent to EC damage. In this study, we examined whether sRAGE levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic healthy subjects. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that serum sRAGE levels were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects and positively associated with the presence of CAD.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffect of heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 on beta-cell function in paediatric and adult patients with recent-onset diabetes mellitus type 1: two prospective, randomized, double-blind phase II trials.
Aim of this trial was to test whether heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 treatment in adult and paediatric patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) is safe and whether it can preserve endogenous insulin production. ⋯ Administration of DiaPep277 seems safe and may have beneficial effects on C-peptide levels over time in some patients with T1D, but this finding was not accompanied by reduced HbA1c or insulin requirement. Studies with more patients and longer follow-up are needed to further study the effect of DiaPep277.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Mar 2007
ReviewInsulin-based regimens decrease mortality rates in critically ill patients: a systematic review.
To determine whether treatment with glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK), insulin and glucose, or insulin by itself is beneficial in limiting organ damage after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reducing mortality and morbidity among critically ill hyperglycaemic patients. ⋯ There is increasing evidence that maintaining normoglycaemia and treatment with insulin-based regimens is beneficial in limiting organ damage and significantly reduces both morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients who require intensive care therapy.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Nov 2006
ReviewInsulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: the road map to cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular disease affects approximately 60% of the adult population over the age of 65 and represents the number one cause of death in the United States. Coronary atherosclerosis is responsible for the vast majority of the cardiovascular events, and a number of cardiovascular risk factors have been identified. In recent years, it has become clear that insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. ⋯ There is general agreement that aggressive therapy aimed simultaneously at improving insulin-mediated glucose/lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction represents an important strategy in preventing/delaying the appearance of atherosclerosis. Interventions that 1 correct carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, 2 improve insulin resistance, 3 reduce blood pressure and restore vascular reactivity, and 4 attenuate procoagulant and inflammatory responses in adults with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether these benefits hold when the same prevention strategies are applied to younger, high-risk individuals remains to be determined.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · May 2006
Activity and expression of the vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is altered by long-term diabetes in epineurial arterioles of the rat sciatic nerve.
Epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve are innervated by sensory nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). We postulated that treating these resistance vessels with capsaicin would cause the release of endogenous CGRP and vascular relaxation. ⋯ These studies suggest that long-term diabetes causes vascular dysfunction in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve that includes a decrease in capsaicin-induced vasoconstriction that is likely due to a decrease in the expression of vanilloid receptor 1.