Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Nov 2019
Impact of unhealthy childhood and unfavorable parents' characteristics on adiposity in schoolchildren.
Childhood obesity is encouraged by low physical activity (PA), time spent using screens (screen time, ST), and by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSBc). It is also influenced by unfavorable parents' characteristics, such as a high body mass index (BMI) and low education level (EL). Our aim was to evaluate the overall and specific influence of these factors on childhood adiposity. ⋯ Male gender, behavioral risk factors (particularly low PA), and parent's characteristics are important correlates of obesity in children.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Jan 2019
ReviewGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes treatment: are they all the same?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are an important class of drugs with a well-established efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Agents in this class are derived from either exendin-4 (a compound present in Gila monster venom) or modifications of human GLP-1 active fragment. Differences among these drugs in duration of action (ie, short-acting vs long-acting), effects on glycaemic control and weight loss, immunogenicity, tolerability profiles, and administration routes offer physicians several options when selecting the most appropriate agent for individual patients. ⋯ The aim of this review is to discuss the differences between and similarities of GLP-1 RAs currently approved for clinical use, focusing particularly on the properties characterising the single short-acting and long-acting GLP-1 RAs rather than on their individual efficacy and safety profiles. The primary pharmacodynamic difference between short-acting (ie, exenatide twice daily and lixisenatide) and long-acting (ie, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide once weekly, liraglutide, and semaglutide) GLP-1 RAs is that short-acting agents primarily delay gastric emptying (lowering postprandial glucose) and long-acting agents affect both fasting glucose (via enhanced glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduced glucagon secretion in the fasting state) and postprandial glucose (via enhanced postprandial insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion). Other advantages of long-acting GLP-1 RAs include smaller fluctuations in plasma drug concentrations, improved gastrointestinal tolerability profiles, and simpler, more convenient administration schedules (once daily for liraglutide and once weekly for albiglutide, dulaglutide, the long-acting exenatide formulation, and semaglutide), which might improve treatment adherence and persistence.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · Nov 2018
Meta AnalysisNo pancreatic safety concern following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapies: A pooled analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials.
Evidence on the pancreatic safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy has been limited. The objective of the study was to investigate this issue by pooling data on the incidence of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from four large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. ⋯ Combined analysis of the four cardiovascular outcome trials showed that treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists was not associated with an increased risk of either acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our new analysis further supports the previously reported results.
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Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. · May 2018
Sepsis-induced activation of endogenous GLP-1 system is enhanced in type 2 diabetes.
High levels of circulating GLP-1 are associated with severity of sepsis in critically ill nondiabetic patients. Whether patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) display different activation of the endogenous GLP-1 system during sepsis and whether it is affected by diabetes-related metabolic parameters are not known. ⋯ Taken together, these data indicate that endogenous GLP-1 system is activated during sepsis. Patients with T2D display an enhanced and prolonged activation as compared to nondiabetic patients. Extreme early increased GLP-1 levels during sepsis indicate poor prognosis.
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As Diabetes/Metabolism: Research & Reviews (DMRR) begins its transition to a new editorial team, incoming Editor-in-Chief, Dr Paolo Pozzilli, reflects on the lessons learned from the past editorship and envisions the future of the journal. In today's fast-paced world, a medical journal should be fast in communicating decisions. Authors are eager to publish their work as fast as possible, and a journal must guarantee this, whilst at the same time ensuring a rigorous peer-review process. With this in mind, we hope to help the diabetes scientific community.