Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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The analysis of the data published in the special literature indicates that forensic-medical aspects of the injuries inflicted by blank shots fired from a variety of small-arms weapons remain poorly known or virtually unexplored. Despite considerable variability of such injuries, their forensic-medical examination should include three basic components, viz. the proof of the absence of the injurious action of the shot, differential diagnostics of the consequences of injuries attributable to each traumatic factor of the shot, and experimental simulation of the damages to the human body and the clothes taking into account concrete models of the weapons and the blank cartridge.
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The authors propose to consider infectious diseases as mass clinical conditions in both normative-legal and medical contexts. Peculiarities of commission and comprehensive inspections carried out in situations of massive infectious morbidity among servicemen are illustrated by examples of the work of state forensic medical organizations and investigative authorities of the Russian Defense Ministry.
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Based on the results of the present experimental study, morphological and histological criteria for incised skin wounds from objects differing in the blade sharpness were developed.
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The present histological study was based on the examination of dura mater, capsules, and contents of 200 subdural hematomas (SDH) obtained from the corpses of subjects with a non-penetrating craniocerebral injury within a period from 1 hour to 2.5 years after the trauma. A total of 14 well-reproducible qualitative morphological criteria have been identified for diagnostics of the prescription of subdural hematomas; the probability and the exact earliest and latest times of their manifestation at different dates of the posttraumatic period were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value of the proposed qualitative morphological criteria for the prescription of traumatic subdural hematomas were evaluated. The results of the study can be used in the practical work of forensic medical experts.
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Injuries to the anorectal region and rectum associated with sexual crimes require forensic medical assessment even though this issue remains to be poorly developed. The results of 84 forensic medical expertises are presented based on the materials obtained by examining both women and men who applied with complains of sexual abuse (anogenital penetration) to the Primorskoye territorial Bureau of forensic medical expertise during 5 years, from 2005 to 2009. ⋯ The signs characteristic of acute injuries and chronic conditions are described. The causes of diagnostic errors during forensic medical expertise of sexual abuse are discussed.