Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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Review Historical Article
[On the training of specialists for forensic biological departments of forensic medical bureaus].
The author analyses the main activities of the departments of forensic medicine in the Russian Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education and the Sankt-Peterburg Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education in the sphere of training and education of biologist experts. Information about the participants of these educational and training programs is presented. Taken together, these data give an idea of the character of post-diploma training of biologist experts and its dynamics during the period from 1950 and 2010. Results of the analysis may be of value for the long-term planning of advanced professional training and upgrading of qualification of the experts for forensic biological departments.
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This paper is focused on selected problems of postdiploma training of experts for forensic chemical departments of bureaus of forensic medical examination. The main drawbacks of the existing system of advanced education for such specialists are the narrow spectrum of pharmaceutical disciplines and the lack of internship training for future experts for forensic chemical departments. Other interfering factors are conflicting situations arising in the course of forensic chemical examination at bureaus of forensic medical examination and chemical-toxicological investigations carried out in clinical and diagnostic laboratories by specialists having diploma of higher education in pharmacia. It is proposed that a new speciality (forensic toxicology) should be listed in the nomenclature of specialities of workers having higher and postdiploma education in medicine and pharmaceutics, in analogy with the universally accepted world practice.
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Morphological characteristics of gunshot injuries of the cranial dome bones depend on bullet speed and are determined by various mechanisms of the harmful action. A contusion action of the bullet is characterized by disruption of the bone tissue with formation of linear or incomplete fracture. ⋯ A bursting impact of the bullet causes disruption of the bone tissue outside the bullet defect as a result of an additional radial effect of high pressure of the air wave reaching in the wounds inflicted by high-speed bullets the effect of the hydrodynamic shock in the spongy layer of the flat bone. Resultant morphological manifestations are aggravated by damage caused by hydrodynamic shock coming from the cranial cavity.