BJU international
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• To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early prostate cancer detection with the Beckman Coulter Prostate Health Index (phi) (not currently available in the USA) adding to the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test compared with the PSA test alone from the US societal perspective. ⋯ • The strategy PSA plus phi may be an important strategy for prostate cancer detection at both thresholds of PSA ≥2 ng/mL and PSA ≥4 ng/mL to recommend a prostate biopsy compared with using PSA alone.
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• To report the outcomes of 27 patients whom we performed robot-assisted radical cystoprostatectomy and cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (Studer pouch and ileal conduit) for bladder cancer. ⋯ • Bilateral NVB-sparing RARC with RAPLND and intracorporeal Studer pouch or ileal conduit reconstruction are complex procedures with acceptable morbidity, excellent short-term surgical and pathological outcomes and satisfactory functional results. • Studies with more patients and longer follow-ups are required to evaluate the feasibility of these RA totally intracorporeal complex procedures.
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Study Type - Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Haematuria clinics with same day imaging and flexible cystoscopy are an efficient way for investigating patients with haematuria. The principal role of haematuria clinics with reference to bladder cancer is to determine which patients are 'normal' and may be discharged, and which patients are abnormal and should undergo rigid cystoscopy. It is well recognised that CT urography offers a thorough evaluation of the upper urinary tract for stones, renal masses and urothelial neoplasms but the role of CT urography for diagnosing bladder cancer is less certain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT urography in patients with visible haematuria aged >40 years and to determine if CT urography has a role for diagnosing bladder cancer. This study shows that the optimum diagnostic strategy for investigating patients with visible haematuria aged >40 years with infection excluded is a combined strategy using CT urography and flexible cystoscopy. Patients positive for bladder cancer on CT urography should be referred directly for rigid cystoscopy and so avoid flexible cystoscopy. The number of flexible cystoscopies required therefore may be reduced by 17%. The present study also shows that the diagnostic accuracy of voided urine cytology is too low to justify its continuing use in a haematuria clinic using CT urography and flexible cystoscopy. ⋯ There is a clear advantage for the diagnostic strategy using CT urography and flexible cystoscopy as a triage test for rigid cystoscopy and follow-up (option 1), in which patients with a positive CT urography score for bladder cancer are directly referred for rigid cystoscopy, but all other patients undergo flexible cystoscopy. Diagnostic accuracy is the same as for the additional test strategy with the advantage of a 17% reduction of the number of flexible cystoscopies performed. The sensitivity of voided urine cytology is too low to justify its continuing use in a hospital haematuria rapid diagnosis clinic using CT urography and flexible cystoscopy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of long-acting testosterone treatment as assessed by the Aging Male Symptoms scale.
Study Type - Therapy (RCT). Level of Evidence 1b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Testosterone deficiency syndrome can be treated with testosterone replacement in the form of injectable, transdermal, buccal and oral preparations. Long-acting i.m. testosterone undecanoate 1000 mg, which is given at 10-14 week intervals, has been shown to be adequate for sustaining normal testosterone levels in hypogonadal men. This study confirms that long-acting i.m. testosterone undecanoate is effective in improving the health-related quality of life in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome as assessed by the improvement in the Aging Male Symptoms scale. Testosterone treatment can be indicated in men who have poor health-related quality of life resulting from testosterone deficiency syndrome. ⋯ • Long-acting testosterone is effective in improving health-related quality of life as assessed by the AMS scale in men with TDS.
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Review
Current status of molecular markers for prognostication and outcome in invasive bladder cancer.
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Currently, prognostication of patients with invasive BC is hampered owing to the inadequacy of standard clinicopathological risk factors to predict accurately individual treatment outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive albeit brief overview on current studies elucidating the potential role of different molecular markers to close this gap of evidence. It focuses on biostatistical considerations in the interpretation of study results which are essential to provide meaningful clinical conclusions for an individual patient. ⋯ • Different molecular markers have the potential to improve prognostication of patients with invasive BC and provide improved evidence for targeted therapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting. • However, in order to advocate their routine clinical use on a sound scientific basis prospective data are still necessary.