Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift
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In recent years, the pathophysiological concept of decompensated liver cirrhosis has undergone significant changes. Until a few years ago, the focus of pathophysiological considerations was on the hyperdynamic circulation resulting from portal hypertension. In recent years, emerging data suggests that increased bacterial translocation leading to systemic inflammation plays an important role in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. ⋯ The existing inflammation serves as the common pathophysiological explanation for the diverse impact of liver cirrhosis on several extrahepatic organs. It plays a significant role in the development of conditions such as hepatorenal syndrome, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and even in the emergence of cirrhosis-associated relative adrenal insufficiency. These new pathophysiological insights hold clinical significance as they influence the prophylaxis and treatment of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Jun 2024
[Legally improved access to geriatric rehabilitation - prerequisites and weaknesses].
Geriatric rehabilitation is a cornerstone of the German healthcare system to maintain the functional capacity of older patients and prevent the need for long-term care. Until recently, access to geriatric rehabilitation was largely limited to post-acute care. With the introduction of new legislation, patients aged 70 and over can be referred to geriatric rehabilitation by practitioners. ⋯ Diagnoses and test results must be consistent in documenting the need for geriatric rehabilitation. However, individual assessment of resources and motivation are prerequisites that need to be assessed by prescribing practitioners prior to prescription, considering the structure of the available formats. First analyses document improvement in access to geriatric rehabilitation but point to limited availability.
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In the case of septic shock, recent studies show benefits from a combination of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, but clear guideline recommendations are still lacking. For severe community-acquired pneumonia, early corticosteroid therapy is recommended. Corticosteroid therapy should not be used in influenza-associated community-acquired pneumonia. ⋯ Current guidelines also recommend the use of corticosteroids in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. These recommendations are based primarily on studies that started steroid therapy early. However, many questions such as the type of corticosteroid, the timing and duration of therapy, and the dosage still remain unanswered.
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Gastrointestinal infections are still responsible for around 60% of the infectious diseases that must be reported in Germany and are probably among the most common gastroenterological diseases. The main therapy for gastrointestinal infections remains oral fluid replacement. The recommendations for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) have been adapted according to the current data and based on international guidelines; vancomycin or, especially if there is an increased risk of recurrence, fidaxomicin should now be used primarily in CDI. In the case of febrile diarrhea and/or bloody diarrhea, malaria diagnosis should be carried out immediately.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Jun 2024
[Atrial fibrillation - what should be taken into account with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis?].
CKD is a common comorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is not validated in patients with severe CKD and has a low predictive value in dialysis patients. ⋯ However, larger randomized studies are still lacking. The results from prospective studies with placebo i.e., no anticoagulation therapy, are pending.