European journal of nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Effect of probiotics and synbiotics on blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
High fasting blood glucose (FBG) can lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Consuming probiotics or synbiotics may improve FBG. A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was conducted to clarify the effect of probiotic and synbiotic consumption on FBG levels. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggests that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation may be beneficial in lowering FBG in adults with high baseline FBG (≥7 mmol/L) and that multispecies probiotics may have more impact on FBG than single species.
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Review Meta Analysis
Coffee consumption and the risk of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis.
Results from epidemiologic studies on coffee consumption and the risk of cutaneous melanoma are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the associations between the consumption of total coffee, caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee and the risk of cutaneous melanoma, respectively. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggests that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of cutaneous melanoma.
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Review
Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: a review.
The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the metabolism of chemical compounds found within food. Bacterial metabolites are different from those that can be generated by human enzymes because bacterial processes occur under anaerobic conditions and are based mainly on reactions of reduction and/or hydrolysis. In most cases, bacterial metabolism reduces the activity of dietary compounds; however, sometimes a specific product of bacterial transformation exhibits enhanced properties. ⋯ This review article presents possible pathways of polyphenol metabolism by intestinal bacteria and describes the diet-derived bioactive metabolites produced by gut microbiota, with a particular emphasis on polyphenols and their potential impact on human health. Because the etiology of many diseases is largely correlated with the intestinal microbiome, a balance between the host immune system and the commensal gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining health. Diet-related and age-related changes in the human intestinal microbiome and their consequences are summarized in the paper.
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Review
Implications of maternal vitamin D deficiency for the fetus, the neonate and the young infant.
It has recently been demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) deficiency during pregnancy and lactation can give rise to problems in mothers and their children. ⋯ Despite an increasing amount of data seems to suggest that pregnant women need a greater amount of VD than recommended in the past, further studies are needed to determine how much VD has to be given to assure a regular evolution of the pregnancy and an adequate development of the fetus and the young child.
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Numerous supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are presently being promoted for body weight reduction. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for or against the long-term efficacy of CLA. ⋯ The evidence from RCTs does not convincingly show that CLA intake generates any clinically relevant effects on body composition on the long term.