European journal of nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dietary blueberry improves cognition among older adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
As populations shift to include a larger proportion of older adults, the necessity of research targeting older populations is becoming increasingly apparent. Dietary interventions with blueberry have been associated with positive outcomes in cell and rodent models of aging. We hypothesized that dietary blueberry would improve mobility and cognition among older adults. ⋯ These findings show that the addition of easily achievable quantities of blueberry to the diets of older adults can improve some aspects of cognition.
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Observational Study
Association between pre-pregnancy consumption of meat, iron intake, and the risk of gestational diabetes: the SUN project.
We assessed the association of total meat, processed, and unprocessed red meat and iron intake with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. ⋯ Our overall findings suggest that higher pre-pregnancy consumption of total meat, especially red and processed meat, and heme iron intake, are significantly associated with an increased GDM risk in a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates.
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Meta Analysis
Association of famine exposure during early life with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood: a meta-analysis.
The association between famine exposure (defined as lengthy and continuous deprivation of food) during early life and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adulthood remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to better clarify the relation of famine exposure to later T2DM risk. ⋯ The meta-analysis indicates that famine exposure during early life especially fetal-infant exposure may increase the risk of T2DM in adulthood. Measures should be taken to prevent malnutrition during important stages of growth and development to reduce the prevalence of T2DM.
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Comparative Study
Cardiac changes in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide system induced by prenatal and postnatal zinc deficiency in male and female rats.
Zinc restriction during fetal and postnatal development could program cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of zinc restriction during fetal life, lactation, and/or post-weaning growth on cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide system of male and female adult rats. ⋯ Prenatal and postnatal zinc deficiency induces alterations in cardiac apoptotic, inflammatory, oxidative, and nitric oxide pathways that could predispose the onset of cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine abnormality among women of reproductive age and is usually associated with oligo-ovulation/anovulation, obesity, and insulin resistance. Hypovitaminosis D may also be a primary factor in the initiation and development of PCOS. However, little is known about the role of genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism in PCOS aetiology. Therefore, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2R1 and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) in an Indian population. ⋯ The present study shows that the GT allele of VDBP SNP rs7041, the VDBP allelic combination (GC1F/1F), and GA allele of CYP2R1 SNP rs2060793 in vitamin D deficient women increase the risk of PCOS.