Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Review
The Validity of Vital Signs for Pain Assessment in critically Ill Adults: A Narrative Review.
Pain assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging because many patients are unable to self-report or exhibit pain-related behaviors. In such situations, vital signs (VS) through continuous monitoring are alternative cues for pain assessment. This review aimed to describe the reliability and validity of VS for ICU pain assessment. ⋯ VS are not valid indicators for ICU pain assessment. Increases of respiratory rate may be a cue for the detection of pain. However, fluctuations in respiratory rate can be influenced by opioids or controlled ventilation mode. Our results dissuade the use of VS for pain assessment because of the lack of association with ICU pain reference standards. Other physiologic measures of pain in critically ill adults should be explored.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of a Non-Pharmacological Multicomponent Pain Management Program on Pain Intensity and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.
Improving the level of care for the elderly with musculoskeletal pain requires pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain control methods. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a non-pharmacological pain management intervention on pain intensity and quality of life in community-dwelling older men with musculoskeletal pain who were referred to comprehensive healthcare centers in the city of Ilam, Iran. ⋯ A six-week physical activity and education program for community-dwelling older men with chronic musculoskeletal pain could improve quality of life and decrease pain intensity after a one-month follow-up compared with usual care. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider pain management programs in the elderly care program and familiarize health care professionals with these pain control methods.
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Even though Indonesia is comprised of at least 1,300 ethnic groups, no specific traditional method for reducing pain, especially in neonates, has been elaborated. ⋯ This study demonstrates the need for better harmonization between the use of traditional and modern medicines, in both research and practice, to determine the most appropriate mix that combines the strengths of each method based on accurate scientific evidence.
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Breathing exercise has been utilized as a promising approach to pain management in cancer survivors. However, the development process of the breathing exercise intervention protocol was rarely reported. ⋯ This study developed an evidence-based breathing exercise intervention protocol for chronic pain management in breast cancer survivors. The protocol is well-supported by the relevant theories, research evidence, practice recommendations, and experts' consensus.
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Observational Study
Brain Activation of Unpleasant Emotions Increases Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Pain.
Catastrophic thinking among patients with chronic pain impairs their quality of life and increases anxiety levels. Further, severe pain causes high emotional brain sensitivity and unpleasant feelings. However, the effects of emotional changes on catastrophic thinking in patients with chronic pain remain unclear. ⋯ Brain activity of unpleasant emotions may influence catastrophic thinking in patients with chronic pain.