Magyar onkologia
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Comparative Study
[Oncoplastic versus conventional breast conserving surgery. A comparison of clinicopathological findings, cosmetic results and quality of life in 60 cases].
Oncoplastic surgical techniques seem to be suitable for realizing the goal of retaining cosmesis following radical removal of breast tumors. The purpose of the present study is to provide a clinical and pathological comparison of conventional (BCS) and oncoplastic (OPS) breast-conserving surgeries, supplemented by a subjective assessment of cosmesis and quality of life of patients, the first time on a Hungarian sample. The authors performed a retrospective assessment of clinicopathological data of 60 advanced oncoplastic and 60 conventional breast-conserving surgery cases, and following adjuvant radiotherapy, the authors also surveyed patients for cosmetic results and quality of life (EORTC BR23). ⋯ When compared to conventional breast conserving surgery, oncoplastic surgery is suitable for microscopically radical tumor removal even in case of larger lesions and true quadranectomy with longer surgical time but lower rate of complications without delaying the adjuvant treatments and thus not increasing the cancer risk. OPS yields better cosmetic results and higher patient satisfaction compared to BCS. More experience and longer follow-up is needed for the assessment of local tumor control achieved by OPS.
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The expansion of molecular genetic knowledge leads to targeted therapy which is a common part of cancer treatment. Targeted agents also exist for breast cancer. However, new efficient molecules are urgently needed. ⋯ The overall survival data of BOLERO-2 trial, a secondary end point, are also available. The 4.4 month benefit in the experimental arm is clinically important but it has not reached the level of statistical significance. We have not had biomarkers so far that could help us to identify a subgroup of cancers sensitive to everolimus.
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Multicenter Study
[Results of postoperative radiochemotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme].
Glioblastoma multiforme has one of the worst prognoses of all cancers. A substantial progression in its treatment has been achieved only eight years ago when a new adjuvant radiochemotherapy regimen containing temozolomid has been introduced to the clinical practice. In this paper we evaluate the treatment results in adjuvant radiochemotherapy of glioblastoma carried out by two neurosurgery and oncology centers in Budapest, Hungary and we compared our results to the data of the reference phase III registration trial of the EORTC/NCIC. ⋯ Comparing to the reference study the demographic distribution of the patients was similar in our study but among our patients there were less patients with unfavorable prognosis (ECOG 2 or RPA V), and it resulted in a longer median survival than in the original trial (17 vs. 14.6 months). With this analysis of our patients treated according to the Stupp-protocol for glioblastoma multiforme we validated the results of the original EORTC/NCIC study in a Hungarian patient population. Moreover, this comparison proves that the comprehensive Hungarian neuro-oncology service is not at all inferior when compared to any of the developed countries in Europe.
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Review
[Unblocking antitumor immune response: novel possibilities for the immunotherapy of melanoma].
Recent advances in tumor immunology, a better understanding of mechanisms regulating the immune response has led to experimental and clinical testing of a novel type of immunotherapeutics: antibodies blocking negative regulatory mechanisms of T-cell activation [corrected]. The application of the CTLA-4 antagonist ipilimumab, the prototype of this new class of immune stimulating agents, represents the first treatment that resulted in significant prolongation of the survival of metastatic melanoma patients in randomized, controlled trial, leading to the approval of its use for the therapy of these patients in 2011. Together with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, which was also approved in 2011, ipilimumab has changed the standard therapy of metastatic melanoma, and also paved the way for other agents aiming at influencing immune regulating molecules, of which antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway also showed promising clinical activity. ⋯ The spectrum of side effects is different from that of conventional therapies, and a large part of them is caused by the enhanced systemic immune activity. In order to spare non-responding patients of the severe side effects and to increase response rate, the search for biomarkers that could help in identifying patients likely to react to the treatment represents an important focus of studies. Furthermore, development of combinations with other immunotherapeutic modalities, chemo- or targeted therapies may further increase the efficiency of immunomodulatory antibodies.