Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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To assess CYP2D6 genotype prevalence in chronic pain patients treated with tramadol or codeine. ⋯ Genotyping can facilitate personalized pain management with opioids, as specific alleles are related to decreased efficacy and adverse effects.
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Recent efforts to update the definitions and taxonomic structure of concepts related to pain have revealed opportunities to better quantify topics of existing pain research subject areas. ⋯ Quantitative NLP models of published abstracts pertaining to pain may point to trends and gaps within pain research communities.
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The temporal stability (test-retest reliability) of temporal summation of pain (TS) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has yet to be established in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal stability of TS and CPM in healthy older and younger adults and to investigate factors that might influence TS and CPM stability. ⋯ These findings suggest that TS and CPM may be more reliable in younger compared with older adults. Furthermore, psychological states may be an important factor influencing the stability of TS in healthy adults.
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For most patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP), the cause is "nonspecific," meaning there is no clear association between pain and identifiable pathology of the spine or associated tissues. Laypersons and providers alike are less inclined to help, feel less sympathy, dislike patients more, suspect deception, and attribute lower pain severity to patients whose pain does not have an objective basis in tissue pathology. Because of these stigmatizing responses from others, patients with cLBP may feel that their pain is particularly unjust and unfair. These pain-related injustice perceptions may subsequently contribute to greater cLBP severity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether perceived injustice helps explain the relationship between chronic pain stigma and movement-evoked pain severity among individuals with cLBP. ⋯ These results suggest that perceived injustice may be a means through which chronic pain stigma impacts nonspecific cLBP severity and physical function.
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Digital subtraction imaging (DSI) decreases the risk of intravascular injection during cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI); however, sequence acquisition and interpretation are operator-dependent skills. This study tests the reliability of a grading system to determine adequate DSI during CTFESI. ⋯ The proposed grading system for adequate-quality DSI during CTFESI showed overall "moderate" and "very strong" inter- and intrarater reliability, respectively. This scheme provides an objective measure of DSI quality for CTFESI. Refinement is needed to improve the reliability of this scheme.