Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) has been regarded as an effective alternative for the treatment of cervical soft disc herniations. Repeated X-Ray scanning is essential when performing this technique. ⋯ Our results support the conclusion that ultrasound guided PLDD with fluoroscopic validation is a minimally invasive technique for patients affected by herniated cervical discs, but proper choice of patients is critical. This approach should not be performed except after adequate training under close supervision of surgeons experienced in this procedure and in interventional US.
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Young adults with chronic pain and symptoms experience disruptions to their social, emotional, physical, and vocational functioning. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs for pediatric and adult populations are not designed specifically to address the developmental needs of young adults. ⋯ The article concludes with clinical recommendations for the management of chronic pain and symptoms in young adults, applicable across multiple treatment settings.