São Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
-
Diabetic retinopathy is a disease caused by increased permeability of retinal vessels. Its incidence and prevalence have been increasing due to urbanization, greater life expectancy and the habits of modern life. Its onset is insidious and it may lead to blindness in 75% of individuals who have been diabetic for more than 20 years. The aim here was to evaluate the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews on interventions relating to diabetic retinopathy. ⋯ Only a few options are likely to be effective for treating diabetic retinopathy. These include photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Strict glucose and pressure control seem to postpone the onset of retinopathy. For macular edema, antiangiogenic drugs, intravitreal injection and surgical implantation seem to have some benefit.
-
The lack of availability of antidotes in emergency services is a worldwide concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability of antidotes used for treating poisoning in Campinas (SP). ⋯ The stock of antidotes for attending poisoning emergencies in the municipality of Campinas is incomplete and needs to be improved.
-
Boerhaave syndrome consists of spontaneous longitudinal transmural rupture of the esophagus, usually in its distal part. It generally develops during or after persistent vomiting as a consequence of a sudden increase in intraluminal pressure in the esophagus. It is extremely rare in clinical practice. In 50% of the cases, it is manifested by Mackler's triad: vomiting, lower thoracic pain and subcutaneous emphysema. Hematemesis is an uncommon yet challenging presentation of Boerhaave's syndrome. Compared with ruptures of other parts of the digestive tract, spontaneous rupture is characterized by a higher mortality rate. ⋯ Boerhaave syndrome should be considered in all cases with a combination of gastrointestinal symptoms (especially epigastric pain and vomiting) and pulmonary signs and symptoms (especially suffocation).
-
The impact of the port of Santos, Brazil, on the population's health is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between living near the port area and physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. ⋯ Living near the port of Santos is associated with physical inactivity and higher sedentary behavior among adults, regardless of confounders. The reasons for this association should be investigated in longitudinal studies.
-
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a chronic infectious pathogen with high prevalence. This study investigated the interaction between environmental tobacco exposure and H. pylori infection on the incidence of chronic tonsillitis in Chinese children. ⋯ Our findings suggest that tobacco exposure should be a putative mediator risk factor to chronic tonsillitis among children with H. pylori infection.