Sleep medicine
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is often prescribed for youth as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Efficacy research in youth is limited, though some evidence suggests that it may relieve symptoms of OSA and possibly prevent future physical, emotional, and behavioural complications. However, the device must be used consistently for benefits to be realised. Non-adherence to medical treatment is prevalent among youth with chronic illness, yet little is known regarding adherence to CPAP in paediatric OSA. ⋯ The adherence barriers to CPAP questionnaire has the potential to be a useful clinic-based tool for identifying patient-specific issues with CPAP adherence in youth with OSA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in chinese patients with restless legs syndrome: results from a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
We performed a six-week study of pramipexole vs. a placebo in Chinese restless legs syndrome patients. ⋯ Pramipexole was effective and well-tolerated in Chinese patients with restless legs syndrome.
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Examine sleepiness in three different shift work schedules (within-subject design) in the offshore oil industry. ⋯ Subjective sleepiness was higher during the first days of night work compared to day work, and also when the swing shift workers changed from night work to day work in the middle of the two-week work period. Subjective sleepiness was increased at home following night shifts compared to after day and swing shifts, suggesting that swing shift workers adapted their circadian rhythm during their second period of work, during the day shift week, offshore.
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Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) experience severe sleep alterations and conventional sleep scoring rules are difficult to use in these patients. In a previous study, we showed that abnormal sleep EEG and wake EEG patterns could predict the outcome of noninvasive ventilation in a group of patients treated for acute respiratory failure. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of these abnormal sleep/wake EEG patterns in a larger group and search for objective parameters to help their identification. ⋯ In almost one third of awake mechanically ventilated ICU patients, sleep cannot be classified with standard criteria. Two new states, atypical sleep and pathologic wakefulness, need to be added. We suggest rules for scoring these states. The origin and links with outcomes of these abnormal EEG patterns deserve investigation.
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Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is an REM sleep parasomnia characterized by enactment of dream content during REM sleep associated with loss of muscle atonia. RBD can be either idiopathic or secondary to drugs or other diseases. ⋯ RBD may represent the first feature of neurodegeneration and can be considered an early marker of these disorders. This review describes the main clinical, pathogenetic, and therapeutic features of RBD, pointing to its association with neurodegenerative diseases and emphasizing the clinical and prognostic implications.