JAMA oncology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Acute and Short-term Toxic Effects of Conventionally Fractionated vs Hypofractionated Whole-Breast Irradiation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The most appropriate dose fractionation for whole-breast irradiation (WBI) remains uncertain. ⋯ Treatment with HF-WBI appears to yield lower rates of acute toxic effects than CF-WBI as well as less fatigue and less trouble meeting family needs 6 months after completing radiation therapy. These findings should be communicated to patients as part of shared decision making.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effects of a High vs Moderate Volume of Aerobic Exercise on Adiposity Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Body fat increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Physical activity may decrease risk through adiposity changes, but the optimal dose of activity is unknown. ⋯ In previously inactive postmenopausal women, a 1-year prescription of moderate to vigorous exercise for 300 min/wk was superior to 150 min/wk for reducing total fat and other adiposity measures, especially in obese women. These results suggest additional benefit of higher-volume aerobic exercise for adiposity outcomes and possibly a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials.
More than two-thirds of US women are overweight or obese, placing them at increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. ⋯ Obesity is associated with increased invasive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. These clinically meaningful findings should motivate programs for obesity prevention.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: Secondary Analysis of the JROSG 99-1 Randomized Clinical Trial.
It remains uncertain whether treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone can be safely applied to all patient populations with 1 to 4 brain metastases (BMs) exhibiting heterogeneous prognoses. ⋯ Despite the current trend of using SRS alone, the important role of WBRT for patients with BMs from NSCLC with a favorable prognosis should be considered. Our findings should be validated through appropriately designed prospective studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Associations With Pathological Complete Response and Event-Free Survival in HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Lapatinib and Trastuzumab: A Secondary Analysis of the NeoALTTO Trial.
The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with improved outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy. The prognostic associations in the neoadjuvant setting of other anti-HER2 agents and combinations are unknown. ⋯ The presence of TILs at diagnosis is an independent, positive, prognostic marker in HER2-positive early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant anti-HER2 agents and chemotherapy for both pCR and EFS end points.