The journal of headache and pain
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The Global Campaign against Headache is conducting a series of population-based studies to fill the large geographical gaps in knowledge of headache prevalence and attributable burden. One major region not until now included is South America. Here we present a study from Peru, a country of 32.4 million inhabitants located at the west coast of South America, notable for its high Andes mountains. ⋯ The Global Campaign's first population-based study in South America found headache disorders to be common in Peru, with prevalence estimates for both migraine and TTH substantially exceeding global estimates. H15 + was also common, but with fewer than one third of cases diagnosed as pMOH. The association between migraine and altitude was confirmed, and found to be strengthened at very high altitude. This association demands further study.
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Migraine stands as a prevalent primary headache disorder, with prior research highlighting the significant involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in its pathogenesis and chronicity. Existing evidence indicates the capacity of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby conferring neuroprotective benefits in many central nervous system diseases. However, the specific therapeutic implications of NBP in the context of migraine remain to be elucidated. ⋯ Our data suggest that NBP may alleviate migraine by activating the Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in migraine mouse models, confirming that it may be a potential drug for the treatment of migraine.
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We previously reported high prevalences of headache disorders among children (6-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) in Ethiopia. Here we provide data on headache-attributed burden collected contemporaneously from the same study participants. Part of the global schools-based programme within the Global Campaign against Headache, the study is the first to present such data from sub-Saharan Africa. ⋯ The high prevalence of headache among children and adolescents in Ethiopia, who represent half its population, is associated with substantial burden. Lost school time is probably the most important consequence. Estimates suggest a quite deleterious effect, likely to be reflected in both individual prospects and the prosperity of society.
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To date, migraine is diagnosed exclusively based on clinical criteria, but fluid biomarkers are desirable to gain insight into pathophysiological processes and inform clinical management. We investigated the state-dependent profile of fluid biomarkers for neuroaxonal damage and microglial activation as two potentially relevant aspects in human migraine pathophysiology. ⋯ CX3CL1 in CSF is a novel potential fluid biomarker of migraine that is unrelated to the headache status. Serum t-Tau is linked to the headache phase but not interictal migraine. These data need to be confirmed in a larger hypothesis-driven prospective study.