Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of pneumoperitoneum and of an alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by positive end-expiratory pressure on cardiopulmonary function in sheep anesthetized with isoflurane-fentanyl.
To investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum alone or combined with an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) followed by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiopulmonary function in sheep. ⋯ Abdominal deflation did not reverse the pulmonary function impairment associated with pneumoperitoneum. The ARM/PEEP improved respiratory compliance and reversed the oxygenation impairment induced by pneumoperitoneum with acceptable hemodynamic changes in healthy sheep.
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To evaluate oxygen flowmeters for accuracy and precision, assess the effects of cleaning and assess conformity to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. ⋯ Cleaning anesthesia machine oxygen flowmeters improved precision for all tested machines and partially corrected inaccuracies in flowmeters ≥15 years old. A notable proportion of flowmeters did not meet ASTM standards. Cleaning did not ensure that they subsequently conformed to ASTM standards. We recommend annual flow output validation to identify whether flowmeters are acceptable for continued clinical use.
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To compare the duration of action of atracurium in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs. ⋯ Diabetic dogs were older (9.9±0.3 compared with 6.8±0.7 years, p=0.0003). Group parameters were similar at onset and offset of NMB apart from HR at offset, which was higher for diabetics compared to nondiabetics (114±4 compared with 100±3 beats minute-1, respectively, p=0.004), Fe'Iso was higher in the diabetic group at onset (1.3±0.03% compared with 1.2±0.04%, p=0.026) and offset (1.4±0.03% compared with 1.3±0.03%, p=0.007), and temperature was higher for diabetics at onset (37.5±0.1 °C compared with 37.0±0.2 °C, p=0.012) and offset (37.5±0.1 °C compared with 36.9±0.2 °C, p=0.004). The duration of action of atracurium(tactile) and atracurium(EMG) were similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The duration of action of atracurium was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs as indicated by tactile and EMG monitoring.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of ultrasound- and electrostimulation-guided nerve blocks of brachial plexus in dogs.
To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound- and electrostimulation-guided nerve blocks of the brachial plexus and to determine whether ultrasound guidance is feasible in conscious dogs. ⋯ The UNB brachial plexus block had a shorter onset time and longer duration than ENB. UNB can be performed in conscious dogs or those under mild sedation.
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To determine the absorption characteristics of fentanyl and buprenorphine administered transdermally in swine. ⋯ A relevant serum concentration obtained with fentanyl TP dosed at 75 μg hour-1 or 100 μg hour-1suggests that TPs could represent an analgesia option for laboratory pigs weighing 25-30 kg. As concentrations of buprenorphine were variable, this study does not support the use of buprenorphine TPs in pigs. Consecutive fentanyl or buprenorphine TPs did not provide reliable serum concentrations. Further pharmacokinetic studies and analgesiometric tests in swine are needed to confirm the clinical adequacy of TPs.