Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical evaluation of ketamine and lidocaine intravenous infusions to reduce isoflurane requirements in horses under general anaesthesia.
To compare isoflurane alone or in combination with systemic ketamine and lidocaine for general anaesthesia in horses. ⋯ These results support the use of lidocaine and ketamine to improve anaesthetic and cardiovascular stability during isoflurane anaesthesia lasting up to 2 hours in mechanically ventilated horses, with comparable quality of recovery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of hydromorphone and oxymorphone in dogs and cats: a randomized blinded study.
To determine if oxymorphone and hydromorphone are equally efficacious as analgesics in both dogs and cats and to determine the side-effects of each drug in painful animals. ⋯ Hydromorphone is significantly less expensive than oxymorphone and the results of this trial indicate that the two drugs have a similar clinical value. Both oxymorphone and hydromorphone can be used as primary mu agonist therapy in veterinary patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks in the dog.
To determine the influence on the distribution of the volume of a local anaesthetic-methylene blue solution at three different nerve block sites in the dog. ⋯ Volumes of 0.3 and 0.05 mL kg(-1) produced sufficient distribution for performing brachial plexus, and sciatic nerve blocks, respectively. Additionally, a volume of 0.4 mL kg(-1) might also be adequate for a lumbar plexus block (no statistical significance was reached).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of two combinations of xylazine-ketamine administered intramuscularly to alpacas and of reversal with tolazoline.
To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time. ⋯ Both doses of the combination were effective in providing restraint in alpacas and the duration of restraint was dose dependent. Supplemental oxygen should be available if using the HD and IM administration of tolazoline will shorten the recovery time.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy dogs.
To assess the pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) to dogs. ⋯ Hydromorphone has a short half-life, suggesting that frequent dosing intervals are needed. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters calculated in this study, 0.1 mg kg(-1) IV or SC q 2 hours or a constant rate infusion of hydromorphone at 0.03 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) are suggested for future studies to assess the analgesic effect of hydromorphone.