Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion for 24 hours during and after propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs.
To evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory effects and pharmacokinetics of a 24-hour intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (DMED) during and after propofol (PRO) or isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in dogs. ⋯ Vasopressor effects and the decrease in heart rate (HR) and cardiac index induced by DMED were greater for PRO than ISO, but were within clinically acceptable ranges. Adequate oxygenation was maintained above the critical O(2) delivery level. The overall incidence of unfavourable arrhythmias was low and tended to vary inversely with HR. Mean DMED plasma concentration ranged from 0.23 to 0.47 ng mL(-1) for both groups during the 24-hour CRI with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 0.46 hour. CONCLUSION AND/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DMED CRI resulted in typical alpha(2)-agonist induced haemodynamic changes with minimal respiratory effects, and appeared to be an efficacious adjunct during and after PRO or ISO anaesthesia in healthy dogs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A comparison of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-medetomidine combinations for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits.
To compare ketamine-midazolam (KMZ) and ketamine-medetomidine (KMT) anaesthesia in rabbits using anaesthetic induction, maintenance and recovery data. ⋯ KMT has a faster onset of action and a greater isoflurane-sparing effect when compared with KMZ. Rabbits with KMT were more prone to laryngospasm and had significantly lower HR.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Thiopental and halothane dose-sparing effects of magnesium sulphate in dogs.
To evaluate the effect of pre- and intraoperatively administered magnesium sulphate (MgSO(4)) on the induction dose of thiopental and of halothane for maintenance of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). ⋯ Magnesium sulphate administration reduced the induction dose of thiopental and ET(hal) concentration for maintenance of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing OHE. Observed side effects were nausea and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in canine surgical patients.
To determine the effects of three rates of dexmedetomidine (DMED) constant rate infusion (CRI) on overall tissue perfusion, isoflurane (ISO) requirements, haemodynamics and quality of recovery in canine surgical patients. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine CRI is a reliable and valuable adjunct to ISO anaesthesia in maintaining surgical anaesthesia in ASA I-II dogs. Data reported indicate adequate overall tissue perfusion and a low ISO requirement while enabling a smooth and rapid recovery following ATI. The DMED CRI of 1 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) following a loading dose of 5 microg kg(-1) produced the most favourable results.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of medetomidine on radial nerve blockade with mepivacaine in dogs.
To compare the sensory and motor effects of adding medetomidine to mepivicaine, administered either perineurally or systemically, for radial nerve block in dogs. ⋯ Medetomidine may prove to be a useful adjunct to peripheral nerve blockade with local anesthetics.