Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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To describe and assess the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block feasibility in calf cadavers, to compare two injection volumes and to evaluate possible undesired solution spreads. ⋯ TAP injections were easy to perform with both techniques in calf cadavers. The volume of injectate did not influence spread. The authors conclude that a combination of the two approaches is necessary, but perhaps not sufficient, to stain all of the nerves innervating the ventral abdominal wall. Further studies are required to refine the technique and evaluate its efficacy in preventing nociception in calves.
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To describe a novel in-plane ultrasound (US)-guided approach to the sixth (C6), seventh (C7), eighth (C8) cervical and to the first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves. ⋯ In-plane US-guided blockade of the spinal roots is a feasible technique. However, because of the undesirable spreads of contrast, further research is needed to diminish the occurrence of contaminations of noble structures.
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Description of an ultrasound (US)-guided technique for retrobulbar nerve blockade in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) cadavers. ⋯ US-guided retrobulbar injection in dromedary cadavers is feasible. Further research is required to assess its practicality and usefulness in vivo.
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Comparative Study
Blind versus ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block in donkeys.
To describe the 'blind' and ultrasound-guided approaches to block the maxillary nerve in donkeys. To compare the success and complication rates between the 'blind' and ultrasound-guided techniques based on staining of nerves and other structures in cadavers and assessing level of analgesia in live animals. ⋯ An ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve blockade proved very practical and can be used to block the maxillary nerve with a high degree of accuracy while avoiding vascular penetration. Further studies are mandatory to validate its analgesic effectiveness in clinical situations.
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To determine the accuracy and precision of flowmeters used for oxygen therapy in a veterinary teaching hospital. ⋯ A flowmeter of the smallest maximum capacity within the desired flow range is more appropriate for smaller patients where accurate, precise flow delivery is needed. Although 15.0 L minute-1 flowmeters were accurate at flow settings ≤2.0 L minute-1, the graduated increments do not allow exact flow settings <0.5 L minute-1. Flowmeters of 15 L minute-1 capacity should be useful for high-flow oxygen delivery for which accuracy and precision are not critical.