The lancet oncology
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Treatment decisions for patients with lung cancer have historically been based on tumour histology. Some understanding of the molecular composition of tumours has led to the development of targeted agents, for which initial findings are promising. ⋯ Since mutations in EGFR and KRAS have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, here, we discuss subsets defined by so-called driver mutations in ALK, HER2 (also known as ERBB2), BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MAP2K1, and MET. The adoption of treatment tailored according to the genetic make-up of individual tumours would involve a paradigm shift, but might lead to substantial therapeutic improvements.
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The lancet oncology · Feb 2011
Meta AnalysisPrevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, haematological, and palliative-care settings: a meta-analysis of 94 interview-based studies.
Substantial uncertainty exists about prevalence of mood disorders in patients with cancer, including those in oncological, haematological, and palliative-care settings. We aimed to quantitatively summarise the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustments disorders in these settings. ⋯ None.
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The lancet oncology · Feb 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyInduction chemotherapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or in combination with docetaxel in locally advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck: long-term results of the TAX 324 randomised phase 3 trial.
At a minimum follow-up of 2 years, the TAX 324 study showed a significant survival benefit of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) versus cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF) in locally advanced head and neck cancer. We report the long-term results at 5 years' minimum follow-up. ⋯ Sanofi-Aventis.
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The lancet oncology · Feb 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTwo different durations of adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose interferon alfa-2b in patients with high-risk melanoma (Nordic IFN trial): a randomised phase 3 trial.
Adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b improves relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with high-risk melanoma, although benefits in overall survival are uncertain. Because of the toxic effects of high-dose regimens, intermediate doses are being explored. We investigated whether adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose interferon alfa-2b for 1 or 2 years would improve outcomes in patients with stage IIB-IIC or III resected cutaneous melanoma. ⋯ Schering-Plough (now Merck); the Radiumhemmet Research Funds, Stockholm; the Stockholm County Council; and the Swedish Cancer Society.
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The lancet oncology · Feb 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyParotid-sparing intensity modulated versus conventional radiotherapy in head and neck cancer (PARSPORT): a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Xerostomia is the most common late side-effect of radiotherapy to the head and neck. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can reduce irradiation of the parotid glands. We assessed the hypothesis that parotid-sparing IMRT reduces the incidence of severe xerostomia. ⋯ Cancer Research UK (CRUK/03/005).