The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyCross-protective efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types: 4-year end-of-study analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial.
We evaluated the efficacy of the human papillomavirus HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types in the end-of-study analysis after 4 years of follow-up in PATRICIA (PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults). ⋯ GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyParticipation and yield of colonoscopy versus non-cathartic CT colonography in population-based screening for colorectal cancer: a randomised controlled trial.
Screening for colorectal cancer is widely recommended, but the preferred strategy remains unidentified. We aimed to compare participation and diagnostic yield between screening with colonoscopy and with non-cathartic CT colonography. ⋯ Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Centre for Translational Molecular Medicine, and the Nuts Ohra Foundation.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2012
ReviewRegulatory T cells in melanoma: the final hurdle towards effective immunotherapy?
Immunotherapy studies in patients with melanoma have reported success in the expansion of tumour-specific effector T cells in vivo, but even in the presence of substantial numbers of functional T cells circulating in the blood, favourable clinical outcomes are scarce. This failure to induce robust clinical responses might be related to tumour-induced immune evasion, rendering the host tolerant to melanoma antigens. Immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment mediated by regulatory T cells (Treg) is a dominant mechanism of tumour immune escape and is a major hurdle for tumour immunotherapy. ⋯ But despite the success of some strategies in depletion of Treg in patients, overall clinical efficacy has been disappointing. The lack of Treg specificity of the Treg depleting strategies applied so far imply that well-designed studies into dosage, timing, and administration regimens with more specific agents are urgently needed. Depletion of functional Treg from the tumour microenvironment as part of multifaceted immunotherapeutic treatments is a major challenge to induce clinically relevant immune responses against melanomas.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialHuman papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer: final results of the POBASCAM randomised controlled trial.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is more sensitive for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions than is cytology, but detection of HPV by DNA screening in two screening rounds 5 years apart has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess whether HPV DNA testing in the first screen decreases detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 or worse, CIN grade 2 or worse, and cervical cancer in the second screening. ⋯ Zorg Onderzoek Nederland (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development).