The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Nov 2024
ReviewArtificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements.
The development, application, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy in neuro-oncology are increasing at a rapid pace. This Policy Review provides an overview and critical assessment of the work to date in this field, focusing on diagnostic AI models of key genomic markers, predictive AI models of response before and after therapy, and differentiation of true disease progression from treatment-related changes, which is a considerable challenge based on current clinical care in neuro-oncology. Furthermore, promising future directions, including the use of AI for automated response assessment in neuro-oncology, are discussed.
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The lancet oncology · Nov 2024
Multicenter StudyPathological response following neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a cross-trial, patient-level analysis.
Neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) before liver resection results in pathological tumour regression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to describe the characteristics of pathological responses after preoperative ICI therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and to evaluate the association between the depth of tumour regression and relapse-free survival. ⋯ None.
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The lancet oncology · Nov 2024
Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4 Assay using fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples in a resource-constrained setting: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.
Use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens on Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4 Assay (STRAT4; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), a CE-marked in-vitro diagnostic medical device, could potentially increase access to breast cancer biomarker testing in resource-constrained settings. We aimed to assess the performance of a research use-only version of STRAT4 using FNAB specimens in Tanzania. ⋯ US National Institutes of Health; UCSF Global Cancer Program, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; UCSF Department of Pathology; and Cepheid.
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The lancet oncology · Nov 2024
Access to diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy technologies for patients with cancer in the Baltic countries, eastern Europe, central Asia, and the Caucasus: a comprehensive analysis.
Only 10-40% of patients with cancer in low-income and middle-income countries were able to access curative or palliative radiotherapy in 2015. We aimed to assess the current status of diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy services in the Baltic countries, eastern Europe, central Asia, and the Caucasus by collecting and analysing local data. ⋯ US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Radiological Security.