The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialStereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials.
The standard of care for operable, stage I, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection or sampling. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for inoperable stage I NSCLC has shown promising results, but two independent, randomised, phase 3 trials of SABR in patients with operable stage I NSCLC (STARS and ROSEL) closed early due to slow accrual. We aimed to assess overall survival for SABR versus surgery by pooling data from these trials. ⋯ Accuray Inc, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, NCI Cancer Center Support, NCI Clinical and Translational Science Award.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2015
Multicenter StudyPazopanib and depot octreotide in advanced, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours: a multicentre, single-group, phase 2 study.
Treatment options for advanced, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) remain scarce. Pazopanib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule, multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3. We did a study of the efficacy of pazopanib with depot octreotide in patients with advanced NETs. ⋯ US National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2015
ReviewNext-generation (epi)genetic drivers of childhood brain tumours and the outlook for targeted therapies.
Arguably, nowhere has there been a greater advance in our understanding of biological mechanisms and potential translational targets during the next-generation sequencing era than in paediatric brain tumours. The so-called omics revolution, enabled by high-throughput sequencing, has empowered large consortia and independent groups alike to make major genetic discoveries, from dominant-negative histone mutations and hijacking of distal enhancer elements, to new oncogenic gene fusions and aberrantly active gene expression. Epigenetic deregulation has also been revealed as a common theme across several tumour subtypes. This Review focuses on key findings that have been transforming the landscape of paediatric neuro-oncology research and how these results are opening new avenues towards potential therapeutic translation.
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The study of human genetics has provided substantial insight into cancer biology. With an increase in sequencing capacity and a reduction in sequencing costs, genomics will probably transform clinical cancer genetics. A heritable basis for many cancers is accepted, but so far less than half the genetic drivers have been identified. ⋯ Panel testing and whole genome sequencing will identify novel, polygenic, and de-novo determinants of cancer risk, often with lower penetrance, which will challenge present binary clinical classification systems and management algorithms. In the future, genotype-stratified public screening and prevention programmes could form part of tailored population risk management. The integration of research with clinical practice will result in so-called discovery cohorts that will help identify clinically significant genetic variation.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2015
A 16-gene assay to predict recurrence after surgery in localised renal cell carcinoma: development and validation studies.
The likelihood of tumour recurrence after nephrectomy in localised clear cell renal cell carcinoma is well characterised by clinical and pathological parameters. However, these assessments can be improved and personalised by the addition of molecular characteristics of each patient's tumour. We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic multigene signature to improve prediction of recurrence risk in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. ⋯ Genomic Health Inc and Pfizer Inc.