The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2015
Anamorelin for patients with cancer cachexia: an integrated analysis of two phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials.
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Anamorelin is an oral ghrelin-receptor agonist with appetite-enhancing and anabolic activity. We assessed the effects of anamorelin on body composition, strength, quality of life, biochemical markers, and safety in patients with cancer anorexia-cachexia. ⋯ Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Helsinn Healthcare SA.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2015
ReviewAssessment of the quality of surgery within randomised controlled trials for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal cancer: a systematic review.
Multicentre, randomised, controlled trials (RCTs) provide level 1 evidence for surgery in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal cancer. This systematic review investigated whether standardisation of surgical techniques in RCTs reduces the variation in lymph-node harvest, in-hospital mortality, and locoregional cancer recurrence. ⋯ Factors that reduced adjusted in-hospital mortality included credentialing surgeons through procedural volume and operative reports, and standardisation of surgical techniques. Future RCTs should include an assessment of surgical performance as an important aspect of study design to reduce variation in clinical outcomes.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2015
ReviewOrgan preservation in rectal cancer: have all questions been answered?
Improved treatment strategies have eliminated local control as the major problem in rectal cancer. With increasing awareness of long-term toxic effects in survivors of rectal cancer, organ-preservation strategies are becoming more popular. ⋯ Additionally, radiotherapy strategies are mainly aimed at intermediate and high-risk rectal tumours, and adaptation of this standard practice for a completely new treatment indication has yet to start. This Review will discuss the options and problems of organ preservation, and address the research questions that need to be answered in the coming years, with a specific focus on radiotherapy.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2015
Comparative StudyGlobal burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study.
High body-mass index (BMI; defined as 25 kg/m(2) or greater) is associated with increased risk of cancer. To inform public health policy and future research, we estimated the global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI in 2012. ⋯ World Cancer Research Fund International, European Commission (Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship), Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and US National Institutes of Health.