The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2007
ReviewPart II: Treatment of primary malignant non-Wilms' renal tumours in children.
Renal-cell carcinoma, clear-cell sarcoma, (congenital) mesoblastic nephroma, rhabdoid tumour, and renal medullary carcinoma form a heterogeneous group of childhood renal malignancies known as non-Wilms' tumours. Progress has been slow in improving the management of these tumours to decrease morbidity and increase survival. However, greater cooperation between national and international centres should engender specialisation, and an increased knowledge of the molecular biology of these tumours will inevitably lead to substantial progress over the next decade. This review is the second of two parts: the first part provided an updated review of the clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology of non-Wilms' tumours and this second part provides an updated review of the treatment of these tumours.
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The lancet oncology · Aug 2007
Meta AnalysisPresentation of childhood CNS tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Suspicion of a CNS tumour is classically raised by symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, focal deficits (including seizures), or papilloedema. Development of guidelines is needed for the identification and referral of children who might have a CNS tumour. We did a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify the clinical presentation of childhood CNS tumours to provide evidence to support the development of guidelines to assist with the identification and referral for imaging of children who might have a central nervous system tumour. ⋯ Apart from raised intracranial pressure, motor and visual system abnormalities, weight loss, macrocephaly, growth failure, and precocious puberty also suggest presence of an intracranial tumour. Children with signs and symptoms that could result from a CNS tumour need a thorough visual and motor system examination and an assessment of growth and pubertal status. Occurrence of multiple symptoms and signs should alert clinicians to possible CNS tumours.
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The lancet oncology · Aug 2007
ReviewPart I: Primary malignant non-Wilms' renal tumours in children.
Non-Wilms' tumours form a small heterogeneous group of clinically significant renal malignancies in children, including renal-cell carcinoma, clear-cell sarcoma, (congenital) mesoblastic nephroma, rhabdoid tumour, and renal medullary carcinoma. Good progress has been made in the assessment of these tumours, which has led to a greater understanding of the molecular changes that occur in their development. This review is the first of two parts, and provides an updated review of the clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology of these tumours.
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The lancet oncology · Aug 2007
ReviewTargeted treatment using monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in pregnancy.
An expanding knowledge of the signalling pathways involved in the cell cycle has led to great improvements in the understanding of the molecular events involved in carcinogenesis. The past decade has seen substantial advances with the introduction of several classes of targeted therapeutics for the treatment of various cancers and autoimmune disorders. ⋯ However, when targeted treatment is clearly indicated the magnitude of the risk to the fetus might not reach that of standard chemotherapy. In circumstances where better alternative treatments do not exist, or where failure to use targeted treatments would result in suboptimum patient care or survival, the risk-benefit analysis might favour the use of potentially effective molecular treatment during pregnancy.
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Penile cancer is a rare malignancy affecting more than 400 men per year in the UK. Studies on the aetiopathogenesis of this cancer have focused on its association with the human papilloma virus; however, there have also been several studies on the genetic and molecular changes that occur. ⋯ We review this process, and assess the independent genetic events that occur in penile cancer. Knowledge of this cancer is progressing slowly and could be furthered by multicentre cooperation and the formation of national tumour banks, which will aid the development of novel therapeutic agents to reduce the morbidity and mortality of penile cancer.