The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Dec 2024
ReviewCancer research in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries.
Cancer is a major global health threat, with 35 million new cases projected by 2050, predominantly in low-income and middle-income-countries. Within South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, a notable gap in cancer research investment and output compared with high-income countries highlights the need to strengthen research capacity. The rising cancer incidence across SAARC countries is not being matched by local research, particularly in clinical trials in molecular biology, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines. ⋯ Key challenges include disparities in health-care access, cultural and economic barriers, and little funding and infrastructure. Strengthening cancer research in SAARC countries requires building collaborative networks, improving research facilities and training, focusing on local epidemiological studies, and developing affordable technologies and treatments. Effective policy and stakeholder engagement could greatly advance cancer care in the region.
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The lancet oncology · Dec 2024
Multicenter StudyAlpelisib plus fulvestrant in PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer after a CDK4/6 inhibitor (BYLieve): one cohort of a phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study.
Alpelisib, a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and degrader, plus fulvestrant showed efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer in SOLAR-1; limited data are available in the post-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor setting. BYLieve aimed to assess alpelisib plus endocrine therapy in this setting in three cohorts defined by immediate previous treatment; here, we report results from cohort A. ⋯ Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
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The lancet oncology · Dec 2024
Multicenter StudyShort-course hypofractionated proton beam therapy, incorporating 18F-DOPA PET and contrast-enhanced MRI targeting, for patients aged 65 years and older with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial.
Older patients (aged ≥65 years) with glioblastoma have a worse prognosis than younger patients and a median overall survival of 6-9 months. 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET sensitively and specifically identifies metabolically active glioblastoma for preferential targeting. Proton beam therapy potentially improves quality of life (QOL) by sparing more healthy brain tissue than photon radiotherapy. With improved targeting and the dosimetric advantages of proton beam therapy, we aimed to test whether hypofractionated proton beam therapy could improve survival and QOL in older patients with glioblastoma. ⋯ Mayo Clinic Marley Endowment Funds and the Lawrence W and Marilyn W Matteson Fund in Cancer Research.
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The lancet oncology · Dec 2024
Comparative StudyEffectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Black patients versus White patients in a US national health system: a retrospective cohort study.
Black patients were severely under-represented in the clinical trials that led to the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for all cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in Black patients. ⋯ Million Veteran Program, Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration and the LUNGevity foundation.
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The lancet oncology · Dec 2024
The current and future global burden of cancer among adolescents and young adults: a population-based study.
Compared with children and older adults, the burden of cancer in adolescents and young adults (ages 15-39) is understudied. We aimed to quantify the global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2022 and 2050, and explore patterns in incidence, mortality, and case fatality. ⋯ None.